Ecological Archives M085-021-A4

Stephen J. Tulowiecki and Chris P. S. Larsen. 2015. Native American impact on past forest composition inferred from species distribution models, Chautauqua County, New York. Ecological Monographs 85:557–581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2259.1

Appendix D. Native American variables (NAVs) selected by each species distribution modeling (SDM) algorithms, and variable importance in boosted regression tree (BRT) models (including NAVs).

Table D1. Native American variables (NAVs) selected by each of the four species distribution model (SDM) algorithms, for each species. An “x” indicates that a given SDM algorithm selected a given NAV for the final model.

 

Accessibility to a Historic Iroquoian village site

Accessibility to a Late Woodland Iroquoian village site

Accessibility to an Iroquoian trail

Common name

BRT

GAM

GLM

MARS

BRT

GAM

GLM

MARS

BRT

GAM

GLM

MARS

Alder

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ash, black

x

x

   

x

x

   

x

x

x

x

Ash, white

x

x

x

x

x

x

   

x

x

x

x

Basswood

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

Beech

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

Birch, yellow

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Cherry, black

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chestnut

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Cucumber magnolia

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Elm

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Fir, balsam

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Hemlock

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Hickory

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ironwood

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

x

Maple, red

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Maple, sugar

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

   

x

x

x

Oak, black

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Oak, white

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sycamore

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

Walnut, black

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Walnut, white (butternut)

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

White pine

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Whitewood

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

 

Table D2. The relative importance of each predictor variable (including Native American variables [NAVs]), for boosted regression tree (BRT) models of tree species distributions. Predictor variable columns are sorted from highest (left) to lowest (right) mean relative importance, as averaged across all BRT models.

Common name

Accessibility to a
Historic village

Mean January
temperature

Mean temperature,
May through September

Total precipitation,
May through September

Slope angle

Accessibility to a
Late Woodland village

Accessibility to a trail

Soil pH

AET/PET, July

Soil drainage class

Compound
topographic index

Total solar radiation,
May through September

Soil percent sand

Soil percent clay

Alder

4.3%

5.8%

-

3.0%

11.7%

10.0%

8.0%

8.8%

4.4%

14.7%

15.2%

8.8%

5.5%

-

Ash, black

3.3%

3.2%

6.2%

3.4%

17.5%

3.9%

6.6%

9.8%

4.1%

24.4%

9.1%

3.5%

5.0%

-

Ash, white

12.3%

9.7%

12.4%

8.3%

7.7%

8.0%

10.5%

4.3%

8.0%

3.3%

5.5%

6.7%

3.2%

-

Basswood

20.7%

-

14.1%

15.9%

22.9%

11.8%

-

-

-

14.6%

-

-

-

-

Beech

14.0%

5.6%

4.9%

6.9%

14.9%

4.4%

6.7%

5.7%

4.8%

13.0%

6.0%

4.0%

5.6%

3.6%

Birch, yellow

17.3%

9.6%

8.8%

8.4%

8.9%

7.3%

8.9%

5.9%

8.3%

5.4%

5.8%

5.4%

-

-

Cherry, black

14.7%

8.6%

10.7%

10.3%

5.3%

8.7%

10.3%

5.3%

6.6%

3.2%

3.7%

6.7%

2.6%

3.3%

Chestnut

24.3%

16.8%

8.4%

4.2%

6.1%

6.6%

5.7%

7.5%

5.0%

-

4.8%

5.8%

-

4.8%

Cucumber magnolia

15.8%

16.9%

15.4%

8.8%

8.1%

8.3%

10.8%

5.7%

10.2%

-

-

-

-

-

Elm

10.3%

5.4%

12.8%

8.4%

5.4%

8.1%

13.7%

6.8%

8.9%

3.5%

6.2%

6.5%

3.9%

-

Fir, balsam

5.6%

3.8%

7.8%

7.6%

11.5%

7.8%

6.4%

10.1%

7.3%

7.3%

3.3%

3.9%

7.7%

9.8%

Hemlock

8.2%

6.4%

9.4%

10.6%

8.7%

10.1%

7.7%

7.5%

5.5%

6.3%

6.8%

5.2%

4.1%

3.6%

Hickory

13.9%

19.0%

5.7%

8.9%

4.9%

11.8%

7.7%

2.3%

7.1%

-

3.7%

5.0%

6.0%

4.1%

Ironwood

19.2%

12.3%

5.6%

20.6%

2.8%

5.7%

17.8%

2.9%

3.5%

-

2.3%

4.4%

2.9%

-

Maple, red

16.5%

3.7%

7.5%

16.5%

13.3%

4.0%

6.5%

9.2%

2.9%

3.9%

3.9%

4.4%

6.0%

1.7%

Maple, sugar

17.2%

8.1%

8.2%

8.3%

16.2%

7.2%

-

7.7%

-

13.1%

-

6.5%

7.4%

-

Oak, black

19.7%

15.7%

7.9%

7.0%

5.4%

7.3%

9.5%

6.3%

5.7%

-

5.8%

6.5%

-

3.2%

Oak, white

28.2%

13.7%

13.9%

5.7%

3.9%

3.7%

8.0%

3.7%

6.4%

-

3.6%

6.8%

1.4%

1.1%

Sycamore

14.7%

11.3%

8.9%

12.3%

6.8%

4.9%

8.2%

6.4%

-

4.1%

11.9%

6.9%

3.6%

-

Walnut, black

8.9%

17.8%

7.0%

4.8%

2.6%

17.5%

6.0%

4.2%

7.9%

2.1%

8.7%

5.7%

-

6.9%

Walnut, white (butternut)

11.2%

11.2%

7.0%

6.9%

5.4%

7.3%

7.9%

5.0%

3.6%

4.6%

13.6%

4.9%

5.6%

5.8%

White pine

13.4%

7.0%

10.0%

6.1%

4.8%

16.9%

7.9%

7.1%

12.0%

3.1%

-

5.8%

2.7%

3.2%

Whitewood

12.3%

23.5%

11.8%

10.0%

3.5%

6.5%

4.7%

3.9%

8.1%

-

5.6%

5.2%

-

4.9%


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