Ecological Archives M085-007-A1

Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Katharina Maria Keiblinger, Maria Mooshammer, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Jordi Sardans, and Wolfgang Wanek. 2015. The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant–microbial–soil organic matter transformations. Ecological Monographs 85:133–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0777.1

Appendix A. Stoichiometry across microbes and major biomes.

Table A1. Stoichiometry of molar ratios in microbes from different domains.

 

C:N

C:P

N:P

C:N:P

References

Archea

 

 

 

 

 

Sulfulobus

3.2–4.9

10.3–34.5

2.9–8.3

18.5:4.6:1

(Richter, unpublished data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bacteria

16.7

5

7.5

16.7:5:1

(Alberts, 1983)

 

~4

 

 

 

(Six et al. 2006)

Bacterial average

10

50

10

50:10:1

(Fagerbakke et al. 1996)

Bacteria culture, aquatic

3–6

 

 

 

(Strickland and Rousk 2010)

marine Bacteria

4.53

77

17

77:17:1

(Zimmerman et al. 2014)

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria

1.5–10

 

 

 

(Goldman et al. 1987)

Cultures from coastal waters

 

8–500

 

 

(Tezuka 1990)

Bacteria from marine environments

2.4–14.2

 

 

 

(Fagerbakke et al. 1996)

bacterial cultures, leaf litter

4.06–4.81

64.6–79.7

14.6–18.5

71.8:16.4:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Actinobacteria

2.38–10.9

52.1–175

10.1–37.9

88.1:19.2:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Bacteroidetes

2.9–5.55

53–154

9.5–36.7

89.4:21.4:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Proteobacteria

3.32–5.4

40.1–91.6

8.04–24.7

58.4:14.8:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Pseudomonas fluorescens

8–25

52–163

8–25

52:8:1-163:25:1

(Chrzanowski and Kyle 1996)

E. coli

13–16.5

52.4–65.1

13–16.5

52.4:13:1-65.1:16.5:1

(Makino et al. 2003)

Verrucomicrobiom spinosum culture

3.1–7.3

1.0–69.2

0.2–11.2

20.9:4.2:1

Richter, unpublished data

Pectobacterium carotovora culture

3.4

20.3–25.2

5.9–7.5

13.6:3.2:1

Richter, unpublished data

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fungi

5–15

 

 

 

(Strickland and Rousk 2010)

 

~10

 

 

 

(Six et al. 2006)

Fungal Redfield ratio

10

90

9

90:9:1

(Leach 2010)

Fungal culture, aquatic

7–16

40–203

5–20

40:7:1–203:16:1

(Leach 2010)

Fungal cultures, leaf litter

7.25–9.51

90.9–125

11.2–15.8

106:13.3:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Myccorhizal fungi

3–51

 

 

 

(Strickland and Rousk 2010)

Saprotrophic fungi

4–60

 

 

 

(Strickland and Rousk 2010)

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

17.3

195.9

11.3

195.9:17.3:1

(Wallander et al. 2002, 2003)

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

10

 

 

 

(Johnson 2010)

Ascomycota (cultured from leaf litter)

4.88–28.20

45.70–316

1.87–27.3

125:14.2:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Basidiomycota (cultured from leaf litter)

4.55–12.6

41.6–227

6.62–37.1

126:20.4:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Zygomycota(cultured from leaf litter)

6.99–8.92

75.9–128

9–18.4

94.2:12.3:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

Trichoderma harzianum culture

5.1–17.5

9.6–173.0

1.7–14.8

42.6:4.2:1

(Richter, unpublished data)

Aspergillus nidulans culture

5.8–14.2

13.0–95.3

1.7–10.2

36:4.3:1

(Richter, unpublished data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communities

 

 

 

 

 

Phytoplankton in the ocean

16

106

16

106:16:1

(Redfield 1958)

Soil microbial communities

8.6

60

7

60:7:1

(Cleveland and Liptzin 2007)

leaf litter, microbial communities

4

16

4

16:4:1

(van Meeteren et al. 2008)

cultivated microbial communities from grassland leaf litter

5.52–6.80

79.4–97.7

13.3–16.4

88.1:14.7:1

(Mouginot et al. 2014b)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FigA1

Fig. A1. Changes in ecosystem C:N stoichiometry across major biomes. The following biomes were targeted: TRF, tropical rainforests; TEDF, temperate deciduous forests; TECF, temperate coniferous forests; BOCF, boreal coniferous forests; TUN, tundra; TRG, tropical/C4 grasslands; TEG, temperate/C3 grasslands. All ratios are molar (atomic) ratios, and mass-based ratios were transformed to atomic ratios by dividing by the respective atomic masses. Data were compiled from the following sources: leaves (McGroddy et al. 2004, Reich and Oleksyn 2004, Wang et al. 2010), leaf litter (McGroddy et al. 2004, Yuan and Chen 2009, Brovkin et al. 2012), live fine roots (Gordon and Jackson 2000, Yuan et al. 2011), dead fine roots (Yuan et al. 2011), wood (Harmon et al. 1986, Martinelli et al. 2000, Weedon et al. 2009, Manzoni et al. 2010, Thomas and Martin 2012), soil organic matter (Xu et al. 2013), and soil microbial biomass (Xu et al. 2013). Most leaf stoichiometric ratios were taken from (Wang et al. 2010), only those from TECF were obtained from (McGroddy et al. 2004). Leaf litter ratios were mainly compiled from (Yuan and Chen 2009), only for TRG and TECF were they taken from (McGroddy et al. 2004, Brovkin et al. 2012). Life root stoichiometry was taken from root N, P and N:P ratios from Fig. 2 and the mean C content (44.7%) in Yuan et al. (2011). Life root stoichiometry of TEDF, TECF and BOCF were averaged from data by (Gordon and Jackson 2000). Dead root N:P was estimated from mean latitudes of major biomes and the power function in Fig. 1 (N:P = 66.6 x latitude-0.42) of Yuan et al. (2011). No data were provided for C:N and C:P. Wood stoichiometry was taken as an average from data on TRF (Martinelli et al. 2000), TECF and TEDF (Harmon et al. 1986, Martinelli et al. 2000), and BOCF (Manzoni et al. 2010).

 

FigA2

Fig. A2. Changes in ecosystem C:P stoichiometry across major biomes. Data sources are as presented in Fig. A1 caption.

 

FigA3

Fig. A3. Relation between soil organic C content (SOC) and soil C:N:P stoichiometry, and between soil and microbial community C:N:P. Data were taken from the Supplementary data table provided by Xu et al. (2013) and means and standard errors calculated after arbitrarily binning the data set into three classes of soil, i.e., with high SOC (organic soils; >100 mg C g-1 soil dw.), medium SOC (mineral topsoils; 20-100 mg C g-1 soil dw.) and low SOC (mineral subsoils; <20 mg C g-1 soil dw.).

 

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