Ecological Archives H001-003-A6
Wu Yang, Thomas Dietz, Daniel Boyd Kramer, Zhiyun Ouyang, and Jianguo Liu. 2015. An integrated approach to understanding the linkages between ecosystem services and human well-being. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 1:19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ehs15-0001.1
Appendix F (Table F1). Supplementary regressions showing the effect of the composite index IDES on human well-being cannot be replaced by its constituents.
Dependent variable: HWBI in 2009 |
Model (4) |
Model (5) |
Model (6) |
HWBI in 2007 |
0.884*** (0.080) |
0.880*** (0.080) |
0.883*** (0.079) |
Net benefit from provisioning services in 2007 (thousand yuan) |
1.60e-04 (0.005) |
– |
– |
Net benefit from regulating services in 2007 (thousand yuan) |
– |
– 4.40e-03 (0.005) |
– |
Net benefit from cultural services in 2007 (thousand yuan) |
– |
– |
0.001 (0.002) |
Change of IDES |
– 0.036 (0.029) |
– 0.029 (0.027) |
– 0.033 (0.028) |
Agricultural income share in 2007 |
– 0.062 (0.052) |
– 0.065 (0.044) |
– 0.050 (0.044) |
Household income in 2009 (thousand yuan) |
3.35e-04* (1.49e-04) |
3.50e-04* (1.33e-04) |
3.34e-04* (1.40e-04) |
Change of per capita income (thousand yuan) |
– 8.91e-04 (5.46e-04) |
– 9.83e-04* (4.35e-04) |
– 9.23e-04* (4.41e-04) |
Household size in 2007 |
0.012† (0.006) |
0.012* (0.006) |
0.011† (0.006) |
Number of seniors (age >= 60 years) |
– 0.022 (0.014) |
– 0.024† (0.014) |
– 0.023† (0.014) |
Average education of adults in 2007 (year) |
0.009 (0.005) |
0.009† (0.005) |
0.008 (0.005) |
Female adult share in 2007 |
– 0.087 (0.071) |
– 0.081 (0.070) |
– 0.090 (0.071) |
Earthquake damage (0: low, 1: high) |
– 0.043* (0.018) |
– 0.040* (0.018) |
– 0.044* (0.018) |
Social ties to local leaders (0: weak, 1: strong) |
0.043† (0.023) |
0.040† (0.024) |
0.043† (0.023) |
Gender of interviewee (0: female, 1: male) |
0.039* (0.018) |
0.038* (0.018) |
0.0340* (0.018) |
Education of interviewee (year) |
– 0.003 (0.003) |
– 0.004 (0.003) |
– 0.004 (0.003) |
Constant |
– 0.016 (0.057) |
– 5.74e-05 (0.061) |
– 0.012 (0.057) |
F statistic |
26.33*** |
28.38*** |
26.56*** |
R-squared |
0.6839 |
0.6862 |
0.6846 |
N |
101 |
101 |
101 |
Notes: Dependent variable is HWBI in 2009. †p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Our models passed all diagnostics of regression assumptions. Variance inflation factors are tested to be less than 5 and the numbers inside and outside parentheses are coefficients and robust standard errors, respectively.