Ecological Archives E096-249-A1

Ecological Archives E096-249-A1

Andrew J. Larson, James A. Lutz, Daniel C. Donato, James A. Freund, Mark E. Swanson, Janneke Hillerislambers, Douglas G. Sprugel, and Jerry F. Franklin. 2015. Spatial aspects of tree mortality strongly differ between young and old-growth forests. Ecology 96:2855–2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0628.1

Appendix A. Structure, composition, mortality rates, and statistical tests for individual plots.

Table A1. Initial and final stand density and species composition for the study plots.

	Trees		Density (trees/ha)		Basal area (m²/ha)
	Initial sample	Final sample	Initial sample	Final sample	Initial sample	Final sample
Young forest
A1	1978	2009
All trees	196	66	54,444	18,333	33.9	124.7
Abies amabilis	195	65	54,167	18,056	33.6	123.9
Tsuga heterophylla	1	1	278	278	0.4	0.8
A2	1978	2009
All trees	413	91	114,722	25,278	48.2	151.8
Abies amabilis	413	91	114,722	25,278	48.2	151.8
A3	1978	2009
All trees	624	153	173,333	42,500	43.2	138.6
Abies amabilis	624	153	173,333	42,500	43.2	138.6
A5	1978	2009
All trees	531	107	147,500	29,722	42.8	117.8
Abies amabilis	531	107	147,500	29,722	42.8	117.8
A8	1978	2009
All trees	516	124	143,333	34,444	56.6	140.3
Abies amabilis	511	120	141,944	33,333	52.9	110.3
Tsuga heterophylla	5	4	1,389	1,111	3.7	30.0
C2	1978	2009
All trees	540	61	150,000	16,944	49.8	120.7
Abies amabilis	539	60	149,722	16,667	49.6	118.2
Tsuga heterophylla	1	1	278	278	0.2	2.5
C4	1978	2009
All trees	277	95	76,944	26,389	64.7	167.1
Abies amabilis	274	93	76,111	25,833	62.1	161.3
Thuja plicata	2	1	556	278	2.1	4.7
Abies procera	1	1	278	278	0.5	1.0
C6	1978	2009
All trees	310	101	86,111	28,056	41.6	149.2
Abies amabilis	308	100	85,556	27,778	40.6	139.9
Tsuga heterophylla	2	1	556	278	1.1	9.3

Old forests
AV02	1977	2008
All trees	334	277	334	277	72.3	70.4
Abies amabilis	216	175	216	175	30.1	28.7
Tsuga heterophylla	109	94	109	94	33.7	34.0
Thuja plicata	5	5	5	5	3.6	4.0
Pseudotsuga menziesii	4	3	4	3	4.9	3.7
AO03	1977	2008
All trees	246	201	246	201	96.7	98.4
Abies amabilis	162	128	162	128	37.4	35.8
Tsuga heterophylla	72	62	72	62	22.3	25.0
Thuja plicata	9	8	9	8	26.7	26.2
Pseudotsuga menziesii	3	3	3	3	10.3	11.5
AG05	1978	2008
All trees	421	348	421	348	79.3	81.8
Abies amabilis	200	148	200	148	28.6	25.1
Thuja plicata	99	95	99	95	22.1	26.3
Tsuga heterophylla	81	68	81	68	7.0	7.0
Taxus brevifolia	22	18	22	18	0.7	0.7
Pseudotsuga menziesii	19	19	19	19	20.9	22.8
AV06	1978	2007
All trees	434	338	434	338	45.0	46.8
Abies amabilis	271	200	271	200	21.2	20.9
Tsuga heterophylla	146	123	146	123	15.9	15.7
Thuja plicata	6	6	6	6	2.0	2.6
Pseudotsuga menziesii	6	6	6	6	6.5	7.1
Cupressus nootkatensis	3	3	3	3	0.4	0.6
Pinus monticola	2	0	2	0	0.1	0
AV14	1978	2008
All trees	250	195	250	195	69.8	60.1
Abies amabilis	132	94	132	94	33.7	27.9
Tsuga heterophylla	113	98	113	98	26.4	26.7
Cupressus nootkatensis	5	3	5	3	9.8	5.5
AM16	1978	2007
All trees	349	309	349	309	60.6	60.2
Abies amabilis	148	133	148	133	12.1	13.2
Cupressus nootkatensis	113	101	113	101	20.2	19.5
Tsuga mertensiana	63	52	63	52	19.0	17.8
Tsuga heterophylla	25	23	25	23	9.3	9.7
AR07	1978	2007
All trees	423	370	423	370	78.2	78.5
Cupressus nootkatensis	158	142	158	142	19.8	21.3
Abies amabilis	148	113	148	113	30.6	25.7
Tsuga mertensiana	117	115	117	115	27.7	31.5
AE10	1978	2007
All trees	616	553	616	553	92.6	98.2
Cupressus nootkatensis	322	294	322	294	38.7	41.4
Abies amabilis	281	250	281	250	48.3	51.3
Tsuga mertensiana	6	6	6	6	2.3	2.6
Abies lasiocarpa	5	1	5	1	1.0	0.4
Abies procera	2	2	2	2	22.3	2.5

Table A2. Study duration in years and annualized tree mortality rates for each plot.

Young			Old-growth
Site	Duration (yr)	Mortality (% yr^-1)	Site	Duration (yr)	Mortality (% yr^-1)
A1	31	3.48	AV02	31	0.60
A2	31	4.69	AO03	31	0.65
A3	31	3.85	AG05	30	0.63
A5	31	5.03	AV06	29	0.86
A8	31	4.53	AV14	30	0.82
C2	31	6.78	AM16	29	0.42
C4	31	3.33	AR07	29	0.46
C6	31	3.63	AE10	29	0.37
Average	31	4.42	Average	29.8	0.60

Table A3. Results of Diggle-Cressie-Loosmore-Ford goodness-of-fit tests used to evaluate predictions1-3 listed in Table 1 for individual plots, each of which is based on n = 999 simulations of spatially random mortality (random labeling).

TableA3

¹ Symbols - / 0 / + indicate dead trees are less, not different, or more aggregated (respectively) than expected.

² Symbols - / 0 / + indicate initial neighborhoods of dying trees are less crowded, do not differ, or are more crowded than initial neighborhoods of surviving trees than expected.

³ Symbols - / 0 / + indicate surviving trees are more uniform, not different, or more aggregated than expected.

Fig. A1. Stem maps for young plots showing tree locations at study initiation and status (live/dead) at the last census.

Fig. A2. Stem maps for old-growth plots showing tree locations at study initiation and status (live/dead) at the last census.

Fig. A3. Diameter distributions (at initial census) for individual young plots showing trees that died and survived during the study.

Fig. A4. Diameter distributions (at initial census) for individual old-growth plots showing trees that died and survived during the study. The 110 cm dbh class includes all trees >105 cm dbh, up to the maximum tree dbh of 241.5 cm.

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