Ecological Archives E096-243-A1

Javier Retana, Xavier Arnan, and Xim Cerda. 2015. A multidimensional functional trait analysis of resource exploitation in European ants. Ecology 96:2781–2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2326.1

Appendix A. Literature sources from which functional trait data for ant species were obtained.

Worker size and worker polymorphism 

APEF: Etude et elevage des fourmis 2012. http://apef.france.pagesperso-orange.fr/Fourmis.htm.

Arnan, X., Cerdá, X. and Retana, J. 2012. Distinctive life traits and distribution along environmental gradients of dominant and subordinate Mediterranean ant species. Oecologia 170: 489-500.

Bernard F. 1956. Révision des fourmis paléarctiques du genre Cardiocondyla Emery. Bulletin de la Société l’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord 47: 299-306.

Bernard, F. 1968. Les fourmis d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Masson et Cie Éditeurs, Paris.

Cagniant H. 1997. Le genre Tetramorium au Maroc (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): clé et catalogue des espèces. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 33: 89-100.

Cagniant H., Espadaler X. 1997. Les Leptothorax, Epimyrma et Chalepoxenus du Maroc (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Clé et catalogue des espèces. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 33: 259-284.

Cerdá X., Retana J. 1997. Links between worker polymorphism and thermal biology in a thermophilic ant species. Oikos, 78: 467-474.

Cerdá X., Retana J. 2000. Alternative strategies by thermophilic ants to cope with extreme heat: individual versus colony level traits. Oikos 89: 155-163.

Cushman J.H., Lawton J. H., Manly B.F.J. 1993. Latitudinal patterns in European ant assemblages: variation in species richness and body size. Oecologia 95: 30-37.

Espadaler X. 1986. Goniomma kugleri, a new granivorous ant from the Iberian Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 19: 61-66.

Espadaler X. 1997a. Redescription of Leptothorax schaufussi (Forel, 1879) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Orsis 12: 101-107.

Espadaler X. 1997b. Leptothorax caesari sp.n. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a granivore con apterous males. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 99B: 145-150.

Espadaler X., Collingwood, C.A. 1989. Notas sobre Leptothorax, con descripción de L. gredosi n. sp. (Hym. Formicidae). Boletín Asociación Española de Entomología 6: 41-48.

Espadaler X., Du Merle P., Plateaux L. 1983. Redescription de Leptothorax grouvellei. Notes biologiques et écologiques (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 30: 274-286.

Espadaler, X. and Du Merle, P. 1989. Leptothorax fuentei Santschi, 1919, en France (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Vie Milieu 39: 121-123.

Fourmis de France Database. 2011. http://www.antbase.fr/

Hormigas ibéricas 2012. http://www.hormigas.org

Notes from underground 2012. http://www.notesfromunderground.org/archive/issue11-2/features/petrov/petrov.html

Reyes J., Espadaler X., Rodríguez A. 1987. Descripción de Goniomma baeticum nov. sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Eos 63: 269-276.

Schlick-Steiner, B.C., Steiner F.M., Moder R., Bruckner A., Fiedler K., Christian E. 2006. Assessing ant assemblages: pitfall trapping versus nest counting (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 53: 274–281.

Tinaut A. 1985. Descripción del macho de Aphaenogaster cardenai (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Miscel·lània Zoològica 9: 245-249

Tinaut A., Ortiz F.J. 1988. Descripción del macho de Monomorium algiricum (Bernard 1955) y consideraciones sobre el valor taxonómico del género Epixenus (Hym. Formicidae). Boletín Asociación Española de Entomología 12: 165-174.

van Loon A.J., Boomsma J.J., Andrasfalvy A. 1990. A new polygynous Lasius species (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) from central Europe. I. Description and general biology.  Insectes Sociaux 37: 348-362.

World of ants 2011. http://www.world-of-ants.com/

Colony size

Amor F. 2011. Estructura social, explotación de los recursos y distribución de la hormiga Cataglyphis floricola Tinaut 1993. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Seville, Seville.

Anderson A., Cremer S., Heinze J. 2003. Live and let die: why fighter males of the ant Cardiocondyla kill each other but tolerate their winged rivals. Behavioral Ecology 14: 54-62

Ant Kalytta 2012. http://www.ants-kalytta.com/

AntBlog 2012. http://www.antblog.co.uk/

Beckers, R., Goss, S., Deneubourg, J,L. and Pasteels, J.M. 1989. [HTML]Colony size, communication and ant foraging strategy. Psyche 96: 239-256.

Bernard, F. 1968. Les fourmis d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Masson et Cie Éditeurs, Paris.

Bernard, F. 1983. Les fourmis et leur milieu en France mediterranéenne. Enciclopédie entomologique 45. Lechevalier, Paris.

Boulay, R., Cerdá, X., Simon, T., Roldán, M. and Hefetz, A. 2007. Intraspecific competition in the ant Camponotus cruentatus: should we expect the ‘dear enemy’ effect? Animal Behaviour 74: 985-993.

Brian M.V. 1979. Differences in sexual production by two co-existent ants. Journal of Animal Ecology, 48, 943-953.

Buschinger, A. and Schreiber, M. 2002. Queen polymorphism and queen-morph related facultative polygyny in the ant, Myrmecina graminicola (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 49: 344–353.

Cerdá, X. and Retana, J. 1991. Sobre la fundación de la sociedad en la hormiga Cataglyphis iberica (Emery, 1906) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Orsis 6: 127-139.

Cheron B., Cronin A.L., Doums C., Federici P., Haussy C., Tirard C., Monnin T. 2011 Unequal resource allocation among colonies produced by fission in the ant Cataglyphis cursor. Ecology, 92: 1448-1458.

Csosz S. 2003. A key to the Ponerinae species of the Carpathian Basin (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 95: 147-160.

Dobrzanska J. 1978. Problem of behavioral plasticity in slave-making Amazon-ant Polyergus rufescens Latr. and in its slave-ants Formica fusca L. and Formica cinerea Mayr. Acta Neurobiologica Experimentales 38: 113-132.

Elmes G.W., Thomas J.A., Wardlaw J.C., Hochberg M.E., Clarke R.T., Simcox D.J. 1998. The ecology of Myrmica ants in relation to the conservation of Maculinea butterflies. Journal of Insect Conservation 2: 67-78.

Espadaler X. 1986. Goniomma kugleri, a new granivorous ant from the Iberian Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 19: 61-66.

Espadaler X. 1997a. Redescription of Leptothorax schaufussi (Forel, 1879) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Orsis 12: 101-107.

Espadaler X. 1997b. Leptothorax caesari sp.n. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a granivore con apterous males. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 99B: 145-150.

Espadaler, X. and Du Merle, P. 1989. Leptothorax fuentei Santschi, 1919, en France (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Vie Milieu 39: 121-123.

Espadaler X., Du Merle P., Plateaux L. 1983. Redescription de Leptothorax grouvellei. Notes biologiques et écologiques (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 30: 274-286.

Espadaler, X., Retana, J. and Cerdá, X. 1990. The caste system of Camponotus foreli Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 17: 299-312.

Espadaler X., Tartally A., Schultz R., Seifert B., Nagy Cs. 2007. Regional trends and preliminary results on the local expansion rate in the invasive garden ant, Lasius neglectus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 54: 293-301.

Fernández-Escudero I., Tinaut A. 1999. Factors determining nest distribution in the high-mountain ant Proformica longiseta (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution 11: 325-338.

Fjerdingstad, E.J., Gertsch, P.J. and Keller, L. 2003. The relationship between multiple mating by queens, within-colony genetic variability and fitness in the ant Lasius niger. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16: 844-853.

Groden E., Drummond F.A., Garnas J., Franceour A. 2005. Distribution of an invasive ant, Myrmica rubra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Maine. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 1774-1784.

Heinze J., Kühnholz S., Schilder K., Hölldobler B. 1993. Behavior of ergatoid males in the ant, Cardiocondyla nuda. Insectes Sociaux 40: 273-282.

Forum Antslab 2012. http://www.akolab.com/fourmis/forum/

Hormigas ibéricas 2012. http://www.hormigas.org

Jiménez Rojas J., Tinaut A. 1992. Mirmecofauna de la sierra de Loja (Granda) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Orsis 7: 97-111.

Knight R.L., Rust M.K. 1990. The urban ants of California with distribution notes of imported species. Southwestern Entomologist 15: 167-178.

Kvamme, T., Lønnve, O.J. 2008. Camponotus vagus (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 55: 105-108.

Lenoir J.-C., Schrempf A., Lenoir A., Heinze J., Mercier J.-L. 2007. Genetic structure and reproductive strategy of the ant Cardiocondyla elegans: strictly monogynous nests invaded by unrelated sexual. Molecular Ecology 16: 345-354.

Lenoir A., Devers S., Marchand P., Bressac C., Savolainen R. 2010. Microgynous queens in the paleartic ant, Manica rubida: dispersal morphs or social parasites? Journal of Insect Science 10: 1-13.

Leo P., Fancello L. 1990. Observazioni sul genere Leptanilla Emery in Sardegna e riabilitazione di L. doderoi. Boletino Societá Entomologia Italiana 122: 128-132.

Liebig J., Heinze J., Hölldobler B. 1995. Queen size variation in the ponerine ant Ponera coarctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche 102: 1-12

Nielsen M.G. 1972. Production of workers in an ant nest. Ekologia Polska 20: 65-71.

Notes from underground 2012. http://www.notesfromunderground.org/archive/issue11-2/features/petrov/petrov.html

Odum E.P., Pontin A.J. 1961. Population density of the underground ant, Lasius flavus, as determined by tagging with P32. Ecology 42: 186-188.

Odum, E.P. and Pontin, A.J. 1961. Density of the underground ant, Lasius flavus, as determined by tagging with P32. Ecology 42: 186-188.

Partridge L.W., Partridge K.A., Franks N.R. 1997. Field survey of a monogynous leptothoracine ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): evidence of seasonal polydomy? Insectes Sociaux 44: 75-83.

Pedersen J.S., Boomsma J.J. 1999. Effect of habitat saturation on the number and turnover of queens in the polygynous ant, Myrmica sulcinodis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12: 903-917.

Elmes G.W. 1974. Colony populations of Myrmica sulcinodis Nyl. (Hym. Formicidae). Oecologia 15: 337-343.

Plateaux L. 1970. Sur le polymorphisme social de la fourmi Leptothorax nylanderi (Förster). I. Morphologie et biologie comparées des castes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie et Biologie Animale 12: 373–478.

Plaza J., Tinaut A. 1989. Descripción de los hormigueros de Cataglyphis rosenhaueri (Emery 1906) y Cataglyphis iberica (Emery 1906) en diferentes biotopos de la provincial de Granada. Boletín de la Asoción Española de Entomología 13: 109-116.

Provost, E., Riviere, G., Roux, M., Morgan, E.D. and Bagneres, A.G. 1993. Change in the chemical signature of the ant Leptothorax lichtensteini with time. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 23: 945-957.

Schlick-Steiner, B.C., Steiner F.M., Moder K., Bruckner A., Fiedler K., Christian E. 2006. Assessing ant assemblages: pitfall trapping versus nest counting (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 53: 274–281.

Schrempf A., Reber C., Tinaut A., Heinze J. 2005. Inbreeding and local mate competition in the ant Cardiocondyla batesii. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57: 502–510.

Seifert B. 2003. Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger) and H. schauinslandi (Emery) – Two morphologically and biologically distinct species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlun-gen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 75: 61-81.

Seifert, B. and Schultz, R. 2009. A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis, FABRICIUS, 1793 group (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Myrmecological News 12: 255-272.

Skórka P., Witek M., Woyciechowski M. 2006 A simple and nondestructive method for estimation of worker population size in Myrmica ant nests. Insectes Sociaux 53: 97-100.

Soulié J. 1960. La ‘sociabilité’ des Crematogaster (Hymenoptera-Formicoidea). Insectes Sociaux 7: 369–376.

Steiner, F.M., Schlick-Steiner, B.C., Konrad, H., Linksvayer, T.A., Quek, S.P., Christian, E., Stauffer, C. and Buschinger, A. 2006. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of queen polymorphic Myrmecina ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). European Journal of Entomology 103: 619-626.

Stumper R. 1957. Sur l’´ethologie de la fourmie a miel Proformica nasuta Nyl. Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxemburgeois 60: 87–97.

Talbot M. 1945. Population studies of the ant Myrmica schencki ssp. emeryana Forel. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 38: 365-372.

Torossian, C. 1960. La biologie de Dolichoderus quadripunctatus. Insectes Sociaux 7: 383-391.

Torossian, C. 1967. Recherches sur la biologie et l’éthologie de Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (Hym. Form. Dolichoderidae). I. Étude des populations dans leur milieu naturel. Insectes Sociaux 14: 102-122.

Vanderwoude C., Lobry De Bruyn L.A., House A.P.N. 2000. Response of an open-forest ant community to invasion by the introduced ant, Pheidole megacephala. Austral Ecology 25: 253–259.

Wiki La Marabunta 2012. http://www.lamarabunta.org/LaMarabuntawiki/

World of ants 2012. http://www.world-of-ants.com/

Diet

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Arnan, X., Cerdá, X. and Retana, J. 2012. Distinctive life traits and distribution along environmental gradients of dominant and subordinate Mediterranean ant species. Oecologia 170: 489-500.

Bernard, F. 1968. Les fourmis d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Masson et Cie Éditeurs, Paris.

Buschinger A., Pfeifer E. 1988. Effects of nutrition on brood production and slavery in ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 35: 61-69.

Creighton, W. S. 1950. Ants of North America. Bull. Mus. Comp

Boulay, R., Cerdá, X., Simon, T., Roldán, M. and Hefetz, A. 2007. Intraspecific competition in the ant Camponotus cruentatus: should we expect the ‘dear enemy’ effect? Animal Behaviour 74: 985-993.

Cavia, V. 1989. Régimen alimenticio de la hormiga Formica subrufa. Sessions Entomologia ICHN-SCL 4: 97-107.

Cherix D. 1980. Note preliminaire sur la structure, la p henologie et le regime alimentaire d’une super-colonie de Formica lugubris Zett. Insectes Sociaux 27: 226-236.

Collingwood C.A. 1958. The ants of the genus Myrmica in Britain. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A 33: 65-75.

Dartigues D. 1991. Repartition spatio-temporelle des aphides et influence des fourmis, sur orangers en Kabylie. Fruits 46: 461-469.

Espadaler X. 1986. Goniomma kugleri, a new granivorous ant from the Iberian Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 19: 61-66.

Espadaler X. 1997a. Redescription of Leptothorax schaufussi (Forel, 1879) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Orsis 12: 101-107.

Espadaler X. 1997b. Leptothorax caesari sp.n. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a granivore con apterous males. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 99B: 145-150.

Fernández-Escudero I., Tinaut A. 1999. Factors determining nest distribution in the high-mountain ant Proformica longiseta (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution 11: 325-338.

Fiedler, K., Kuhlmann, F., Schlick-Steiner, B.C., Steiner, F.M. and Gebauer, G. 2007. Stable N-isotope signatures of central European ants – assessing positions in a trophic gradient. Insectes Sociaux 54: 393-402.

Forum Antslab 2012. http://www.akolab.com/fourmis/forum/

Fourmis de France Database. 2012. http://www.antbase.fr/

Hahn, M. and Maschwitz, U. 1985. Foraging strategies and recruitment behaviour in the European harvester ant Messor rufitarsis. Oecologia 68: 45-51.

Hernández O., Pérez C., Marcos M.A. 2001. Los formícidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Parque Natural de la Font Roja. Iberis 6: 9-20.

Hormigas ibéricas 2012. http://www.hormigas.org

Kugler C. 1992. Stings of ants of the Leptanillinae. Psyche 99: 103-116.

Kvamme, T., Lønnve, O.J. 2008. Camponotus vagus (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 55: 105-108.

Masuko K. 1990. Behavior and ecology of the enigmatic ant Leptanilla japonica Baroni Urbani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Insectes Sociaux 37: 31-57.

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Retana, J., Cerdá, X., Cavia, V., Arnal, J. and Company, D. 1989. La comunidad de hormigas del Boalar de Jaca (Huesca). Lucas Mallada 1: 133-150.

Schlaghamersky J., Omelkova M. 2007. The present distribution and nest tree characteristics of Liometopum microcephalum (PANZER 1978) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in south Moravia. Myrmecological News 10: 85-90.

Seifert B. 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – a taxonomic revision of C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 104B: 203-238.

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van Loon A.J., Boomsma J.J., Andrasfalvy A. 1990. A new polygynous Lasius species (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) from central Europe. I. Description and general biology.  Insectes Sociaux 37: 348-362.

Wheeler W.M. 1900. The habits of Ponera and Stigmatomma. Biological Review 2: 43-69.

Wiki La Marabunta 2012. http://www.lamarabunta.org/LaMarabuntawiki/

Number of nests

Arnan, X., Cerdá, X. and Retana, J. 2012. Distinctive life traits and distribution along environmental gradients of dominant and subordinate Mediterranean ant species. Oecologia 170: 489-500.

Bernard, F. 1968. Les fourmis d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Masson et Cie Éditeurs, Paris.

Boomsma, J.J., Brouwer, A.H. and van Loon, A.J. 1990. A new polygynous Lasius species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Central Europe. II. Allozymatic
confirmation of species status and social structure. Insectes Sociaux 37: 363-375.

Boulay, R., Cerdá, X., Simon, T., Roldán, M. and Hefetz, A. 2007. Intraspecific competition in the ant Camponotus cruentatus: should we expect the ‘dear enemy’ effect? Animal Behaviour 74: 985-993.

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Donisthorpe H.J.K. 1927. British ants. Their life-history and classification. George Routledge and Sons, London.

Elmes G.W. 1973. Observations on the density of queens in natural colonies of Myrmica rubra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Animal Ecology 42: 761-671.

Fernández-Escudero I., Tinaut A. 1999. Factors determining nest distribution in the high-mountain ant Proformica longiseta (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology & Evolution 11: 325-338.

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Heinze J., Kühnholz S., Schilder K., Hölldobler B. 1993. Behavior of ergatoid males in the ant, Cardiocondyla nuda. Insectes Sociaux 40: 273-282.

Heinze J., Foitzik S., Fischer B., Wanke T., Kipyatkov V.E. 2003. The significance of latitudinal variation in body size in a holarctic ant, Leptothorax acervorum. Ecography 26: 349-355.

Featured creatures. Entomoloy and Nematology. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/ants/

Hormigas ibéricas 2012. http://www.hormigas.org

Knight R.L., Rust M.K. 1990. The urban ants of California with distribution notes of imported species. Southwestern Entomologist 15: 167-178.

Lasius brunneus una plaga del corcho en España 2012. http://www.creaf.uab.es/xeg/brunneus/espanol/

Lenoir J.-C., Schrempf A., Lenoir A., Heinze J., Mercier J.-L. 2007. Genetic structure and reproductive strategy of the ant Cardiocondyla elegans: strictly monogynous nests invaded by unrelated sexual. Molecular Ecology 16: 345-354.

Notes from underground 2012. http://www.notesfromunderground.org/archive/issue11-2/features/petrov/petrov.html

Partridge L.W., Partridge K.A., Franks N.R. 1997. Field survey of a monogynous leptothoracine ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): evidence of seasonal polydomy? Insectes Sociaux 44: 75-83.

Pedersen J.S., Boomsma J.J. 1999. Effect of habitat saturation on the number and turnover of queens in the polygynous ant, Myrmica sulcinodis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12: 903-917.

Schlaghamersky J., Omelkova M. 2007. The present distribution and nest tree characteristics of Liometopum microcephalum (PANZER 1978) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in south Moravia. Myrmecological News 10: 85-90.

Schrempf A., Reber C., Tinaut A., Heinze J. 2005. Inbreeding and local mate competition in the ant Cardiocondyla batesii. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57: 502–510.

Seifert B. 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – a taxonomic revision of C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 104B: 203-238.

Seifert, B. and Schultz, R. 2009. A taxonomic revision of the Formica rufibarbis, Fabricius, 1793 group (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Myrmecological News 12: 255-272.

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Torossian, C. 1967. Recherches sur la biologie et l’éthologie de Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (Hym. Form. Dolichoderidae). I. Étude des populations dans leur milieu naturel. Insectes Sociaux 14: 102-122.

Trontti, K., Aron, S. and Sundstrom, L. 2005. Inbreeding and kinship in the ant Plagiolepis pygmaea. Molecular Ecology 14: 2007–2015.

van Loon A.J., Boomsma J.J., Andrasfalvy A. 1990. A new polygynous Lasius species (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) from central Europe. I. Description and general biology.  Insectes Sociaux 37: 348-362.

Vanderwoude C., Lobry De Bruyn L.A., House A.P.N. 2000. Response of an open-forest ant community to invasion by the introduced ant, Pheidole megacephala. Austral Ecology 25: 253–259.

Diurnality

Arnan, X., Cerdá, X. and Retana, J. 2012. Distinctive life traits and distribution along environmental gradients of dominant and subordinate Mediterranean ant species. Oecologia 170: 489-500.

Bernard, F. 1968. Les fourmis d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Masson et Cie Éditeurs, Paris.

Bracko G. 2003. New species for the ant fauna of Slovenia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Natura Sloveniae 5: 17-25.

Cherix D. 1980. Note preliminaire sur la structure, la p henologie et le regime alimentaire d’une super-colonie de Formica lugubris Zett. Insectes Sociaux 27: 226-236.

Dartigues D. 1992. Interactions between aphidiphagous predators and the ant Tapinoma simrothi, on orange trees in Kabylia (Algeria). Vie Milieu 42: 283-287.

De Bruyn G.J., Kruk-De Bruin M. 1972. The diurnal rhythm in a population of Formica polyctena Forst. Ekologia Polska 20: 117-127.

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World of ants 2012. http://www.world-of-ants.com/


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