Ecological Archives E096-239-A1
Kim R. McConkey, Warren Y. Brockelman, Chanpen Saralamba, and Anuttara Nathalang. 2015. Effectiveness of primate seed dispersers for an ‘‘oversized’’ fruit, Garcinia benthamii. Ecology 96:2737–2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1931.1
Appendix A. Percentage of Garcinia benthamii trees (n = 10) with fruit from 2003 to 2010 on the Mo Singto Forest Dynamics Plot, Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. In 2007 all adult G. benthamii trees (n = 54) on the plot were checked for fruit and 45% were fruiting; hence, figures from 10 trees may not be representative of overall fruit availability.
Fig. A1. Percentage of Garcinia benthamii trees with fruit from 2003 to 2010 on the Mo Singto Forest Dynamics Plot, KhaoYai National Park, Thailand.
Table A1. Consumers of Garcinia benthamii fruit and their seed handling behavior at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.
Taxa |
Seed fate |
Forest strata fed |
Evidence* |
Gibbon (Hylobates lar) |
Dispersed in scats |
Arboreal |
Ob, Ft, Du |
Macaque (Macaca leonina) |
Dispersed by spitting; about 2% may be swallowed |
Arboreal, terrestrial |
Ob, Ft, Sf, Ct |
Giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) |
Drop or destroy seeds |
Arboreal |
Ob, Ft |
Elephant (Elephas maximus) |
Dispersed in dung |
Terrestrial |
Du, Sf |
Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) |
Destroy seeds |
Terrestrial |
Ct, Ft |
Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) |
Destroy seeds |
Terrestrial |
Ft |
*Abbreviations are: Ob – direct observation from tree watches and gibbon follows; Ft – fruit fall transects; Sf – seed fate experiments; Du – recorded in gibbon and elephant dung; Ct – camera traps, Ft – feeding trials
Fig. A2. Percentage of Garcinia benthamii crop consumed by gibbons, macaques and squirrels in 2007 and 2009, on the Mo Singto Forest Dynamic Plot, KhaoYai, Thailand. Total crop size of the studied trees is shown by white circles.
