Ecological Archives E096-167-A2
Sarah H. Pasquini, S. Joseph Wright, and Louis S. Santiago. 2015. Lianas always outperform tree seedlings regardless of soil nutrients: results from a long-term fertilization experiment. Ecology 96:1576–1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1660.1
Appendix B. Mixed linear model results for the factorial, incomplete-block design comparing statistical model that includes species and statistical model that does not include species.
Table B1. Mixed linear model results of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization effects on leaf physiological traits for liana and tree seedlings using statistical model that includes species nested within growth form.
|
ETRmax |
qP |
PFDsat |
|||
|
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
Rep |
0.00 |
|
0.00 |
|
0.00 |
|
Block (Rep) |
1.10 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.57 |
|
Form |
13.50 |
0.0003 |
18.28 |
<0.0001 |
11.87 |
0.0006 |
Species (Form) |
4.77 |
<0.0001 |
3.70 |
<0.0001 |
4.38 |
<0.0001 |
Ttotal |
10.65 |
0.0012 |
26.20 |
<0.0001 |
10.41 |
0.0014 |
N |
0.05 |
0.8286 |
0.86 |
0.3554 |
0.00 |
0.9483 |
P |
6.25 |
0.0129 |
4.57 |
0.0333 |
0.91 |
0.3415 |
K |
0.31 |
0.5808 |
1.73 |
0.1896 |
0.60 |
0.4405 |
N × P |
3.70 |
0.0552 |
1.43 |
0.2328 |
2.21 |
0.1382 |
N × K |
0.16 |
0.6880 |
0.00 |
0.9682 |
0.17 |
0.6790 |
P × K |
7.13 |
0.0079 |
6.51 |
0.0112 |
6.28 |
0.0126 |
N × Form |
2.19 |
0.1400 |
1.04 |
0.3081 |
0.62 |
0.4305 |
P × Form |
0.22 |
0.6397 |
1.71 |
0.1915 |
0.08 |
0.7753 |
K × Form |
0.00 |
0.9657 |
0.22 |
0.6398 |
0.01 |
0.9068 |
AIC |
1201.6 |
|
467.5 |
|
1720.9 |
|
Sample size |
394 |
|
393 |
|
394 |
|
Data presented are F statistics for fixed and random effects and P values for fixed effects. Bolded values are statistically significant P values using Family Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P value (P < 0.0237). Total light transmission (Ttotal; proportion of above-canopy ambient), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax; μmol m-2 s-1), photochemical quenching (qP; unitless), and saturating photon flux density (PFDsat; μmol m-2 s-1). Rep and Block (Rep) are random effects, and all other variables are fixed effects.
Table B2. Mixed linear model results of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization effects on morphological traits for liana and tree seedlings using statistical model that includes species nested within growth form.
|
Relative crown depth |
Relative crown area |
Leaf thickness |
Leaf angle |
||||
|
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
Rep |
3.54 |
|
2.72 |
|
0.76 |
|
21.20 |
|
Block (Rep) |
1.63 |
|
3.65 |
|
0.78 |
|
2.44 |
|
Form |
20.61 |
<0.0001 |
5.14 |
0.0239 |
21.09 |
<0.0001 |
7.46 |
0.0066 |
Species (Form) |
8.43 |
<0.0001 |
11.52 |
<0.0001 |
12.88 |
<0.0001 |
3.72 |
<0.0001 |
Ttotal |
0.01 |
0.9091 |
0.07 |
0.7875 |
0.18 |
0.6700 |
1.10 |
0.2957 |
N |
0.56 |
0.4538 |
0.86 |
0.3545 |
0.41 |
0.5213 |
1.20 |
0.2738 |
P |
2.98 |
0.0850 |
1.04 |
0.3086 |
1.24 |
0.2669 |
4.01 |
0.0461 |
K |
0.47 |
0.4931 |
0.29 |
0.5922 |
0.04 |
0.8357 |
4.17 |
0.0420 |
N × P |
0.15 |
0.6973 |
1.14 |
0.2865 |
0.13 |
0.7166 |
1.37 |
0.2418 |
N × K |
0.01 |
0.9349 |
0.43 |
0.5107 |
2.23 |
0.1359 |
0.89 |
0.3454 |
P × K |
0.03 |
0.8540 |
0.02 |
0.8786 |
1.22 |
0.2692 |
14.14 |
0.0002 |
N × Form |
2.14 |
0.1443 |
3.37 |
0.0673 |
0.01 |
0.9326 |
0.09 |
0.7639 |
P × Form |
0.19 |
0.6641 |
2.93 |
0.0879 |
0.17 |
0.6836 |
1.82 |
0.1787 |
K × Form |
0.01 |
0.9091 |
1.67 |
0.1972 |
0.01 |
0.9299 |
0.00 |
0.9715 |
AIC |
72.1 |
|
1136.2 |
|
-1389.4 |
|
3063.9 |
|
Sample size |
388 |
|
390 |
|
381 |
|
382 |
|
Data presented are F statistics for fixed and random effects and P values for fixed effects. Bolded values are statistically significant P values using Family Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P value (P < 0.0115). Total light transmission (Ttotal; proportion of above-canopy ambient), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), relative crown depth (cm), relative crown area (cm²), leaf thickness (mm), and leaf angle (degrees from main stem). Rep and Block (Rep) are random effects, and all other variables are fixed effects.
Table B3. Mixed linear model results of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization effects on morphological traits for liana and tree seedlings using statistical model that includes species nested within growth form.
|
Internode length |
Petiole length |
SLA |
|||
|
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
Rep |
2.74 |
|
2.17 |
|
0.50 |
|
Block (Rep) |
0.58 |
|
0.86 |
|
0.43 |
|
Form |
9.05 |
0.0028 |
471.37 |
<0.0001 |
28.84 |
<0.0001 |
Species (Form) |
10.40 |
<0.0001 |
189.29 |
<0.0001 |
54.27 |
<0.0001 |
Ttotal |
0.17 |
0.6846 |
1.01 |
0.3155 |
6.73 |
0.0099 |
N |
0.60 |
0.4407 |
1.62 |
0.2033 |
0.75 |
0.3867 |
P |
0.69 |
0.4054 |
0.00 |
0.9743 |
0.22 |
0.6409 |
K |
0.57 |
0.4519 |
1.33 |
0.2500 |
11.73 |
0.0007 |
N × P |
4.78 |
0.0295 |
0.02 |
0.8915 |
1.73 |
0.1889 |
N × K |
0.42 |
0.5180 |
3.10 |
0.0793 |
1.86 |
0.1729 |
P × K |
0.02 |
0.8828 |
0.61 |
0.4362 |
1.92 |
0.1663 |
N × Form |
0.00 |
0.9454 |
0.04 |
0.8491 |
0.46 |
0.4990 |
P × Form |
0.30 |
0.5860 |
6.87 |
0.0091 |
2.76 |
0.0975 |
K × Form |
1.51 |
0.2206 |
2.89 |
0.0901 |
3.28 |
0.0710 |
AIC |
2625.9 |
|
692.3 |
|
2239.7 |
|
Sample size |
383 |
|
390 |
|
393 |
|
Data presented are F statistics for fixed and random effects and P values for fixed effects. Bolded values are statistically significant P values using Family Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P value (P < 0.0115). Total light transmission (Ttotal; proportion of above-canopy ambient), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), internode length (mm), petiole length (mm), and specific leaf area (SLA; m²/kg). Rep and Block (Rep) are random effects, and all other variables are fixed effects.
Table B4. Mixed linear model results of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization effects on physiological traits for liana and tree seedlings using statistical model that does not include species.
|
ETRmax |
qP |
PFDsat |
|||
|
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
Rep |
0.00 |
|
0.00 |
|
0.00 |
|
Block (Rep) |
1.15 |
|
0.27 |
|
0.62 |
|
Form |
13.04 |
0.0003 |
17.47 |
<0.0001 |
11.83 |
0.0006 |
Ttotal |
7.12 |
0.0080 |
20.91 |
<0.0001 |
7.33 |
0.0071 |
N |
0.06 |
0.8108 |
0.80 |
0.3715 |
0.00 |
0.9906 |
P |
6.20 |
0.0132 |
4.27 |
0.0394 |
0.99 |
0.3197 |
K |
0.20 |
0.6576 |
1.31 |
0.2538 |
0.40 |
0.5260 |
N × P |
3.81 |
0.0516 |
1.42 |
0.2337 |
2.33 |
0.1280 |
N × K |
0.17 |
0.6811 |
0.03 |
0.8702 |
0.21 |
0.6444 |
P × K |
6.19 |
0.0133 |
5.52 |
0.0193 |
5.76 |
0.0169 |
N × Form |
2.24 |
0.1354 |
1.23 |
0.2688 |
0.71 |
0.4002 |
P × Form |
0.12 |
0.7330 |
1.42 |
0.2344 |
0.05 |
0.8171 |
K × Form |
0.01 |
0.9315 |
0.29 |
0.5879 |
0.08 |
0.7725 |
AIC |
1240.2 |
|
473.3 |
|
1771.2 |
|
Sample size |
394 |
|
393 |
|
394 |
|
Data presented are F statistics for fixed and random effects and P values for fixed effects. Bolded values are statistically significant P values using Family Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P value (P < 0.0144). Total light transmission (Ttotal; proportion of above-canopy ambient), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax; μmol m-2 s-1), photochemical quenching (qP; unitless). and saturating photon flux density (PFDsat; μmol m-2 s-1). Rep and Block (Rep) are random effects, and all other variables are fixed effects.
Table B5. Mixed linear model results of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization effects on morphological traits for liana and tree seedlings using statistical model that does not include species.
|
Relative crown depth |
Relative crown area |
Leaf thickness |
Leaf angle |
||||
|
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
Rep |
3.17 |
|
2.13 |
|
0.66 |
|
19.42 |
|
Block (Rep) |
1.53 |
|
2.89 |
|
0.50 |
|
2.03 |
|
Form |
18.01 |
<0.0001 |
4.59 |
0.0329 |
16.66 |
<0.0001 |
6.83 |
0.0093 |
Ttotal |
0.14 |
0.7102 |
0.00 |
0.9490 |
0.87 |
0.3509 |
0.72 |
0.3979 |
N |
0.46 |
0.4996 |
0.73 |
0.3921 |
0.25 |
0.6192 |
1.15 |
0.2834 |
P |
1.93 |
0.1658 |
1.32 |
0.2509 |
1.33 |
0.2504 |
4.19 |
0.0413 |
K |
0.49 |
0.4862 |
0.13 |
0.7137 |
0.10 |
0.7504 |
3.88 |
0.0496 |
N × P |
0.04 |
0.8377 |
0.85 |
0.3565 |
0.01 |
0.9392 |
0.94 |
0.3330 |
N × K |
0.04 |
0.8501 |
0.19 |
0.6599 |
1.26 |
0.2624 |
0.79 |
0.3739 |
P × K |
0.00 |
0.9757 |
0.01 |
0.9032 |
0.49 |
0.4848 |
13.78 |
0.0002 |
N × Form |
1.10 |
0.2954 |
2.52 |
0.1135 |
0.00 |
0.9893 |
0.05 |
0.8181 |
P × Form |
0.14 |
0.7079 |
2.93 |
0.0879 |
0.12 |
0.7263 |
1.81 |
0.1793 |
K × Form |
0.00 |
0.9668 |
1.20 |
0.2738 |
0.00 |
0.9698 |
0.01 |
0.9166 |
AIC |
107.5 |
|
1227.0 |
|
-1358.1 |
|
3147.6 |
|
Sample size |
388 |
|
390 |
|
381 |
|
382 |
|
Data presented are F statistics for fixed and random effects and P values for fixed effects. Bolded values are statistically significant P values using Family Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P value (P < 0.0033). Total light transmission (Ttotal; proportion of above-canopy ambient), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), relative crown depth (cm), relative crown area (cm²), leaf thickness (mm), and leaf angle (degrees from main stem). Rep and Block (Rep) are random effects, and all other variables are fixed effects.
Table B6. Mixed linear model results of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization effects on morphological traits for liana and tree seedlings using statistical model that does not include species.
|
Internode length |
Petiole length |
SLA |
|||
|
F |
P |
F |
P |
F |
P |
Rep |
2.15 |
|
0.48 |
|
0.29 |
|
Block (Rep) |
0.51 |
|
0.23 |
|
0.21 |
|
Form |
8.07 |
0.0048 |
71.01 |
<0.0001 |
11.63 |
0.0007 |
Ttotal |
0.11 |
0.7439 |
0.98 |
0.3219 |
2.84 |
0.0927 |
N |
0.85 |
0.3569 |
0.09 |
0.7627 |
0.39 |
0.5351 |
P |
0.82 |
0.3672 |
0.07 |
0.7844 |
0.06 |
0.8046 |
K |
0.22 |
0.6396 |
0.16 |
0.6872 |
5.22 |
0.0229 |
N × P |
2.97 |
0.0854 |
0.13 |
0.7182 |
0.65 |
0.4219 |
N × K |
0.17 |
0.6813 |
0.32 |
0.5731 |
0.86 |
0.3532 |
P × K |
0.00 |
0.9590 |
0.47 |
0.4937 |
0.89 |
0.3472 |
N × Form |
0.02 |
0.8815 |
0.01 |
0.9361 |
0.10 |
0.7480 |
P × Form |
0.37 |
0.5432 |
1.46 |
0.2278 |
1.38 |
0.2405 |
K × Form |
0.68 |
0.4111 |
0.45 |
0.5015 |
0.97 |
0.3242 |
AIC |
2757.9 |
|
1367.9 |
|
2619.3 |
|
Sample size |
383 |
|
390 |
|
393 |
|
Data presented are F statistics for fixed and random effects and P values for fixed effects. Bolded values are statistically significant P values using Family Discovery Rate (FDR) corrected P value (P < 0.0033). Total light transmission (Ttotal; proportion of above-canopy ambient), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), internode length (mm), petiole length (mm), and specific leaf area (SLA; m²/kg). Rep and Block (Rep) are random effects, and all other variables are fixed effects.