Ecological Archives E096-149-A5
Joseph A. LaManna, Amy B. Hemenway, Vanna Boccadori, and Thomas E. Martin. 2015. Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient. Ecology 96:1670–1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1333.1
Appendix E. Changes in density with both PC axes for bird species and combined nest predators.
Table E1. Changes in density with both PC axes (PCconiferand PCdeciduous) for bird species and combined nest predators in western Montana, USA. For each species, chi-squared statistics from likelihood ratio tests (χ²), p value, standardized effect size (standardized regression coefficients ±1 SE), and link function are presented. Significant effects (p < 0.05) are bolded and marginally significant effects (p < 0.10) are italicized. Bird species are ordered according to effect size of PCconiferand PCdeciduous (see Fig. 3a).
Species |
PCconiferχ² |
p value |
PCconiferEffect Size |
PCconifer Effect Size SE |
PCdeciduousχ² |
p value |
PCdeciduous Effect Size |
PCdeciduous Effect Size SE |
Link Function |
House Wren |
10.22 |
0.001 |
-0.552 |
0.133 |
0.21 |
0.643 |
--- |
--- |
log |
Western Wood-pewee |
11.75 |
0.001 |
-0.531 |
0.116 |
0.17 |
0.677 |
--- |
--- |
log |
Mountain Bluebird |
15.32 |
< 0.001 |
-0.377 |
0.070 |
1.01 |
0.315 |
--- |
--- |
log |
Northern Flicker |
13.47 |
< 0.001 |
-0.367 |
0.074 |
0.10 |
0.749 |
--- |
--- |
log |
Red-naped Sapsucker |
7.82 |
0.005 |
-0.315 |
0.112 |
3.24 |
0.072 |
0.193 |
0.112 |
identity |
Mountain Chickadee |
4.52 |
0.033 |
-0.111 |
0.052 |
0.53 |
0.468 |
--- |
--- |
identity |
Red-breasted Nuthatch |
2.54 |
0.111 |
-0.090 |
0.058 |
0.08 |
0.771 |
--- |
--- |
identity |
Ruby-crowned Kinglet |
10.97 |
0.001 |
0.366 |
0.101 |
0.16 |
0.693 |
--- |
--- |
identity |
Chipping Sparrow |
12.34 |
0.000 |
0.698 |
0.177 |
0.00 |
0.959 |
--- |
--- |
identity |
Dark-eyed Junco |
14.18 |
< 0.001 |
0.748 |
0.172 |
0.00 |
0.944 |
--- |
--- |
identity |
Yellow-rumped Warbler |
0.14 |
0.709 |
--- |
--- |
3.96 |
0.047 |
0.209 |
0.105 |
identity |
Lincoln's Sparrow |
9.49 |
0.002 |
-0.584 |
0.176 |
5.73 |
0.017 |
0.462 |
0.195 |
identity |
Yellow Warbler |
3.02 |
0.082 |
-0.299 |
0.237 |
4.78 |
0.029 |
0.474 |
0.188 |
log |
Dusky Flycatcher |
4.46 |
0.035 |
0.422 |
0.125 |
12.17 |
< 0.001 |
0.487 |
0.128 |
identity |
Warbling Vireo |
0.03 |
0.859 |
--- |
--- |
18.04 |
< 0.001 |
0.686 |
0.132 |
identity |
American Robin |
11.08 |
0.001 |
--- |
--- |
5.85 |
0.016 |
0.734 |
0.306 |
identity |
Combined Nest Predators |
21.23 |
< 0.001 |
0.919 |
0.121 |
7.81 |
0.005 |
--- |
--- |
identity |