Ecological Archives E096-058-D1
Daniel O. Mesquita, Guarino R. Colli, Gabriel C. Costa, Taís B. Costa, Donald B. Shephard, Laurie J. Vitt, and Eric R. Pianka. 2015. Life history data of lizards of the world. Ecology 96:594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1453.1
Abstract. Life is defined by a capacity for reproduction, yet the ways in which animals reproduce vary tremendously among species. Reproductive life histories are complex phenomena influenced by a variety of factors, such as physical condition of individuals, food supply, bauplan, and phylogenetic history, which are often correlated. Understanding life histories is crucial in evolutionary ecology, because they represent different strategies that evolved to maximize individual fitness. Variation in life history can be attributed to both historical (= phylogenetic) and non-historical (= environmental) causes. We compiled a large data set on lizard life history variables. Our data set consists of life history data for 737 lizard populations, representing 337 species in 33 families from 280 study sites globally. About 64% of these data were collected directly by the authors. Regarding data collected by authors, we sexed lizards by dissection and direct examination of gonads. Females were considered reproductive if vitellogenic follicles or oviductal eggs were present. We regarded the simultaneous presence of enlarged vitellogenic follicles and either oviductal eggs or corpora lutea as evidence for the sequential production of more than one clutch of eggs per year. We considered clutch size as the number of vitellogenic follicles or oviductal eggs in mature females. For each population, we recorded the following variables, if available: adult female mass (g), adult female SVL (mm), female SVL at maturity (based on SVL of smallest reproductive female), offspring SVL (based on hatchling size or smallest individual in population), clutch or litter size (number of offspring per clutch or litter for all reproductive females in the population), total number of clutches or litters per year, clutch frequency (single- or multiple-brooded), relative clutch or litter mass [total volume of eggs or embryos (cc) divided by adult female mass (g)], reproductive mode (oviparous or viviparous), foraging mode (sit-and-wait or active), distribution (tropical or temperate), and preferred habitat type (aquatic, arboreal, bromelicolous, fossorial, psammophilous, saxicolous, semi-arboreal, or terrestrial). These data are valuable to test various life history hypotheses, including phylogenetic design constraints and effects of ecology and climate on reproductive tactics.
Key words: ecology; reproduction; Squamata.
Metadata
The metadata is assembled in the file: “Life_history_data_of_lizards_of_the_world.txt.zip”. Is has the following information, based of populations: species, genus, family, population, longitude, latitude, mean female adult weight (g), mean female SVL (snout vent length) of adults (mm), female SVL at maturity (mm), based on SVL of smallest reproductive female in population, offspring SVL (mm), based on hatchling size or smallest individual in population, mean clutch size or litter size (number of offspring per clutch or litter for all reproductive females in the population), sample size on which clutch or litter sizes are based, mode of reproduction (oviparous or viviparous), total number of clutches or litters per year, clutch frequency (single- or multiple-brooded), RCM {relative clutch or litter mass [total volume of eggs or embryos (cc) divided by adult female mass (g)]}, foraging mode (sit-and-wait or active), distribution (tropical or temperate), preferred habitat type (aquatic, arboreal, bromelicolous, fossorial, psammophilous, saxicolous, semi-arboreal, or terrestrial), and source (present study or reference given in following literature cited section). All study sites are plotted in a map, individually for data we collected and acquired from literature (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Localities from which lizard life history data were collected. Blue symbols: data collected by authors. Red symbols: data collected by other authors. For names of all study localities and their sources please see supplemental file.
Acknowledgments
We thank CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior for Daniel Mesquita’s post doctorate fellowship. Eric Pianka thanks the Denton A. Cooley Centennial Professorship in Zoology at The University of Texas at Austin. Laurie Vitt acknowledges support from the University of Oklahoma Research Council via a George Lynn Cross Research Professorship. Guarino Colli thanks CAPES, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq and Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal - FAPDF for financial support. We also thank IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) for granting the necessary permissions to sample animals.
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