Node Phylogeny_references Age Age_references Vascular_plants 678, 583 Lycopodiophyta 383.85 684, 589 Lycopodiales 684, 1 351 684, 265 N4 313 684 N6 258 684 Lycopodium 76 684 Isoetopsida 334.65 684, 589 Selaginellales 310 684 Isoetales 540, 261 309 684 Crown_euphyllophytes 413.1 TimeTree (Equisetum – Aster) Pteridophyta 580, 508, 125 364.4 506 Psilotopsida 305.6 506 Ophioglossaceae 243 162 507 Botrychium 57.8 122 N36 5 605 N48 359.6 506 N49 354 506 Equisetaceae 227 92.45 129, 596 Hypochaete 19.2 129 N53 13 129 Equisetum 18.7 129 N67 6.7 129 Leptosporangiatae 323.1 506 N75 286.2 506 N76 272.9 506 Hymenophyllales 251 162 507 Hymenophyllum 91 251 Gleicheniales 263.3 506 N84 227 507 N87 266.3 506 Schizaeales 211.6 506 N90 135.29 507 Core_Leptosporangiates 220 506 Salviniales 173.3 506 Marsileaceae 433 93.02 507 Salviniaceae 410 89 507 Azolla 16.3 410 N105 210.8 506 N108 182.86 507 N109 154.82 507 N114 159 507 Polypodiales 175.8 506 N123 144.5 506 Pteridaceae "562;" 97.41 561 N127 92 561 N133 73.73 367 Eupolypods 104.7 506 Eupolypods_II 537 94.5 506 N140 86.1 507 Aspleniaceae 636, 560 N177 30 479 Woodsia 537 N196 74.1 Timetree (Blechnum – Matteuccia) Eupolypods_I 93.6 506 Dryopteridaceae 359 71 568 Dryopteris 35.9 568 N213 27 568 Dryopteris_filix-mas_agg. 1 568 Polystichum 6 568 N237 47.67 561 N239 43.9 561 Spermatophyta 22 355 373 Gymnosperms 366 517 Cycadales 283 517 N251 346 517 N253 298 517 Pinaceae 95 201 699 N256 176 699 N257 156 699 Pinus 661, 205 90.5 21, 356 Pinus.subgen. 28 206 N264 5.5 206 N272 5 651 Picea 511 45 60 N287 93 206, 356 Larix 565 53.65 675 N293 114 660 Tsuga 42.26 244 N303 274 517 N304 257 517 N309 227 TimeTree (Taxus - Thuja) Cupressaceae 189, 388 170 389 N312 123.5 388, 389 Thuja 40 475, 389 N316 110.8 388, 389 N318 92 388, 389 N320 63.85 388, 389 Juniperus 50.01 388, 389 N322 4.9 388 Gnetales 159 517 N330 138 517 N333 588 174.9 371 N335 167.3 371 Nymphaeales 114.3 TimeTree (Nypheaceae – Cabombaceae) Nymphaeaceae 51 56 685, 343, 716, 53 Nuphar 40 364 Nymphaea 17.85 364, 53 N349 159.5 371 Austrobaileyales 131.3 Timetree (Schisandraceae – Austrobaileyaceae) N355 150.1 371 Magnoliids 146.6 371 N359 142 170 Magnoliales 113 170 N365 63 170 N368 82 170 Laurales 111 170 N376 39 170 N381 96 170 Canellales 99 170 Piperales 132 170 Aristolochiaceae 108 685 N394 96 170 N398 147.8 371 Monocotyledonae 134 20 N401 131 20 Alismatales 128 20 Araceae 73 115 279, 443 N421 86 520 N423 53.5 520, 437 N425 22.5 520, 384, 437 Arum 12.5 384, 153 N430 125 20 Tofieldiaceae 90 685, 279 N434 108 20 N435 96 20 N436 84.49 20, 98 Hydrocharitaceae 616 70.26 279, 98 Hydrilloideae 44.21 98 Najas 10.89 98 N444 34.3 98 N451 43.25 98 N453 4.12 98 N455 0.98 98 Alismataceae 277, 344, 99 67.2 279, 99 N462 52.7 99 Sagittaria 27.71 99 N467 34.52 99 N469 26.36 99 N471 24.04 99 N472 2.68 99 Alisma 627 9.61 99 N480 99 20 N484 83 20 Juncaginaceae 52 279 N490 75 20 N498 47 20 Zosteraceae 505 38.5 300 Potamogetonaceae 682, 266, 357, 267 23 279 N552 126 20 N554 124 20 Dioscoreales 123 20 Narthecium_ossifragum 409 N562 115 20 Pandanales 109 20 N570 86 20 N573 124 20 Liliales 116 20 N578 110 20 N579 106 20 Melanthiaceae 736 70 646, 279 Veratrum 13.8 352 Paris_quadrifolia 282 N587 72 20 Colchicaceae 481 7 127 N596 86 20 N597 71 20 Liliaceae 158, 719 58.5 646, 279 Lilioideae 28 646 Lilieae 12.5 268 Lilium 6.3 268 Tulipeae 21.5 TimeTree (Tulipa – Lloydia) N613 11.3 TimeTree (Tulipa – Erythronium) N636 122 20 Asparagales 118 20 Orchidaceae 78, 91, 77, 221 80.5 510, 232 N640 74.5 510, 232 N642 72.5 510, 232 N644 64 510, 232 Orchidoideae 53 510, 232 Orchideae "504, 2, 32, 37;" N648 18 510, 232 Dactylorhiza 246, 489 Nigritella 247 Ophrys 585 Spiranthinae 39 510, 232 Epidendroideae 536, 180 51 510, 232 N761 27 510, 232 Higher_Epidendroideae 42 510, 232 N795 107 20 N804 110 20 N808 104 20 N810 101 20 Iridaceae 516, 686, 216, 687, 689, 688 64 217, 216 N812 50 217, 216 N836 21.25 217, 216 Gladiolus 15.45 634 N843 21 216 N845 16.5 217, 216 N858 97 20 N860 91 20 N861 50 TimeTree (Hemerocallis – Asphodelus) Asphodelus_albus 92 N873 60 66, 230 Alliaceae 639, 181, 442, 350 Amerallium 27 230 N880 11 230 N885 8.5 230 N888 55 230 N889 32 230 N891 0.6 230 N894 37 230 N895 2.1 230 N898 33 230 N899 27 230 N900 4.2 230 N925 15 230 N927 13 230 Amaryllidaceae 223, 407 8.4 213 Narcissus 8 546 N950 46.5 213 N951 43 Timetree (Agave - Muscari), 213 Hyacinthaceae 484, 379, 396 25 213 N957 485 18 213 Agavaceae 307 20 213, 581 Anthericum 6.89 581 N1008 36.5 Timetree (Laxmanniaceae - Ruscus), 213 Asparagaceae 94, 307 N1012 30 213 Nolinoideae_ 16.4 213, 408 N1019 9.6 408 N1020 3 408 Polygonatum 5 408 N1029 118 20 N1033 116 20 Poales 112 20 N1035 70 213 Typhaceae 306 59.5 213, 20 N1052 85 213 N1054 81 213 N1056 74 213, 20 Juncaceae 55 Timetree (Juncus – Luzula) Luzula 722 Juncus 526, 721 Cyperaceae 427 72.2 42, 150 N1159 60.7 42, 150 Rhynchospora 3.52 42 N1163 48 42 N1164 43.5 42, 150 Carex 527, 226, 597, 671 36.5 42, 151 unispicate_Cariceae "598, 597;" N1170 35 151 Vignea 249, 168 30.5 151 Carex.subgen. 250, 672 23.83 226, 151 N1250 12.9 226 N1251 11.8 226 N1253 9.1 226 N1256 12.3 226 N1259 10.1 226 N1261 9 226 N1263 6.5 226 N1266 12.1 226 N1267 11 226 N1271 9.7 226 N1273 7.5 226 N1274 3 226 N1277 6 226 N1280 11.6 226 N1281 10 226 N1282 6 226 N1287 8.3 226 N1290 11.1 226 N1291 10.2 226 N1292 9.2 226 N1295 6.4 226 N1296 5 226 N1298 1.8 226 N1301 1.9 226 N1304 5.4 226 N1306 1.9 226 N1309 7.4 226 N1312 10.7 226 N1313 10.2 226 N1314 9.2 226 N1316 8.2 226 N1320 6.4 226 N1326 9.44 226 N1327 8.4 226 N1328 5.8 226 N1329 1.5 226 N1332 4.5 226 N1333 2.3 226 N1336 2 226 N1342 7.3 226 N1343 4.1 226 Phacocystis 434 N1352 2.8 226 N1370 8.1 226 Spirostachyae 152, 150 N1377 6.8 226 N1379 5.3 226 N1380 4.6 226 Carex_flava_agg. 245 4.8 226 N1396 28 42 N1405 9 42 N1419 47.3 42, 151 Eleocharis 528, 724 N1423 9.2 42 N1440 32.5 42, 151 N1446 37 42, 151 Schoenoplectus 26 42 N1458 29.1 42, 151 N1459 18.4 42 Isolepis 426 Cyperus 17 42 N1468 12.5 42 N1479 105 20 N1480 91 20 N1487 84.9 643, 20, 58 N1488 71 107 Poaceae 224, 57 81.4 107, 643, 58 N1493 80.5 Timetree (Poa - Streptochaeta) N1495 69.15 107, 643, 58 N1497 56.9 643, 58 N1499 54.6 643, 58 PACCMAD_clade 42 107, 643 N1505 27.15 107, 643 Panicoideae 24.5 107, 643 Paniceae 12 N1510 20.1 107, 643 Digitaria 5.4 643 N1515 12.7 107, 58 Echinochloa 2.6 643 N1520 13.1 643 Panicum 9.7 107 N1522 3.6 107 Setaria 303 8.3 643 Andropogoneae 400 11.93 107, 643, 58 N1541 10.25 107, 643 N1549 8 643 Arundineae_p.p._2 23.25 107, 58 N1557 14.5 107, 643 Chloridoideae 482 23.75 107, 643 Eragrostis 270 N1582 22 107 N1583 11 107 Spartina 5 2.75 96 Cynodonteae 19.6 107 N1596 12.3 107 BEP_clade 50.5 107, 643 Ehrhartoideae 36 107, 706, 501 Bambusoideae 40.5 107, 643, 501 N1619 46 107, 643, 501 N1621 37.5 107, 501 Stipeae 530, 239 16.1 58 N1640 34.5 107, 58 Meliceae 680 15 107 Melica 5 107 N1663 28 107, 643, 501 Brachypodium 85 N1669 25 107, 643, 501 Triticeae+Bromeae 12.5 107, 643, 501 Bromus 541, 173 Triticeae 218, 376 9.85 89, 107 Hordeum 45 N1721 8.3 156 N1735 5.35 "89; Wicker T., unpublished (http://www.sbf.admin.ch/htm/dokumentation/publikationen/international/cost/cd2011/cost/C08.0119.html)" N1737 4 89 Poeae+Aveneae 133, 509 17.2 107, 269 N1756 10 107 Briza 154 Agrostis 538 N1836 8 107 Avena 184, 476 Poa 210, 211, 209, 212 Alopecurus 132 N1954 13.8 269 Loliinae 86, 269 12.9 269 N1976 7.2 269 N1980 3.5 269 N1982 2.8 269 Lolium 2.1 269 N1991 1 269 N2008 6.3 269 N2009 2 269 N2013 5.4 269 N2014 3.6 269 N2025 5.6 269 N2056 3.5 269 N2058 2.5 269 N2094 114 20 Commelinales 107 20 Zingiberales 78 20 N2107 70 20 N2110 75 20 N2111 61 20 N2114 70 20 Dicotyledonae 146.3 371 Eudicots 135 169 N2124 117 19 N2125 110.5 TimeTree (Lardizabalaceae - Ranuculus) N2126 107 TimeTree (Lardizabalaceae - Circaeasteraceae) N2129 101.6 TimeTree (Menispermaceae - Ranunculus) N2131 97.3 TimeTree (Berberidceae - Ranunculus) Berberidaceae 316, 658 64.9 658 N2133 8.1 658 Ranunculaceae 258, 285, 525, 659 75 19 N2140 27.57 31 Thalictrum 7.5 31 Isopyroideae 21.5 31 Aquilegia 31 2.54 31 Adonis 287 N2171 46.6 704 Anemoneae 260, 257 25.99 704 Clematis 704 5 704 N2175 3.5 704 N2185 18.39 726, 704 Pulsatilla 7.83 726 Ranunculeae 286, 262, 469, 144 30.95 469, 143 N2211 26 469, 143 N2212 19.6 469, 143 Ranunculus_core_clade 20.65 469, 143 N2218 2 143 N2225 13 143 N2227 6 469, 143 N2235 4 143 N2237 2.5 143 N2315 15 469, 143 polyanthemos_clade 2.15 469, 143 N2344 7.65 469, 143 Ranunculus_montanus_agg. 4 143 Helleboroideae 41.7 273 Nigella 17.5 44 Delphinieae 29.1 273 N2361 21.97 273, 274 Consolida 113 8.8 273 N2364 5.1 273 Delphinium 3.3 274 Aconitum 17.94 273, 274 Helleborus 679, 607 Papaveraceae 112.5 19 Papaveroideae 259, 46, 84 Fumarioideae 353, 186 Fumarieae 478 N2464 124.1 TimeTree (Sabiaceae - Proteaceae) Proteales 116.6 TimeTree (Nelumbo - Proteaceae) N2468 112.3 TimeTree (Platanus - Proteaceae) Platanaceae 52.5 161 N2475 119.5 TimeTree (Buxus - Aster) Buxaceae 648 Gunnerales 115 169 N2487 118.2 TimeTree (Saxifragales - Santalales) Saxifragales 116 283 N2493 103 283, 169 N2494 97 283, 169 N2496 81 283 N2498 75.6 283 N2500 70 283 N2503 94.5 283, 169 N2504 75 169 Crassulaceae 613, 238, 638, 423, 219, 621, 422 51.7 283 N2510 40 283 N2569 70 283 N2571 65 283 N2573 51 283 Haloragaceae 415 7 553 N2584 81 283 N2586 74 283 Grossulariaceae 567, 563 Saxifragaceae 586, 115, 640, 587, 590, 727 58 553 Saxifraga 13.4 523 N2683 113.7 TimeTree (Vitis - Rosa) Vitaceae 446, 723 47.5 446, 723 Parthenocissus 22.5 446, 723 Vitis 8 446, 723 Rosidae 109 169 Rosids_I/Fabidae 107.2 TimeTree (Zygophyllales - Rosales) Zygophyllales 79 657 N2698 103.1 TimeTree (Viola-Rosa) N2699 101.4 TimeTree (Celastrales - Malpighiales) Celastraceae 570, 569 81 657 N2710 99.6 TimeTree (Oxlis-Malpighiales) Oxalidales 99.31 372, 657 N2713 81.25 657, 248 N2714 68 248 Oxalidaceae 201, 202 58.5 454 N2717 12 248 N2724 38 248 N2726 25 248 N2727 16 248 N2735 74.75 169, 248 Malpighiales 97.5 124, 169, 657 N2745 89 TimeTree (Passifloraceae - Salicaceae) N2747 51 169 Violaceae 419, 29, 391, 714, 254, 637 19.35 390 Plagiostigma 4.4 390 Viola_p.p. 11.9 392 N2773 11.65 392 N2774 10.6 392 N2793 6.55 392 Salicaceae 346, 629, 97, 242 55 632 Populus 240 4.5 271 N2817 0.8 271 Salix 40 346 N2903 86 124 N2911 69.5 124, 169 N2917 51.2 124, 169 Hypericaceae 452, 488 23 451 N2920 21 451 N2924 15 451 N2926 12.5 451 N2928 5 451 N2929 4 451 N2943 3.5 451 Elatinaceae 123 Euphorbiaceae 604, 700, 735, 175, 709 69.5 685 Euphorbioideae 31 106 N2967 4 106 Mercurialis 65.5 290 N3028 78.8 124, 169 N3030 70.3 124, 169 N3031 64.3 124, 169 Linaceae 404, 405 37.5 405 N3046 21.1 405 N3047 1.1 405 N3057 28.6 405 N3059 22 405 N3065 97.7 TimeTree (Fabales-Rosales) Fabales 87 657 N3068 84.5 561, 169 Fabaceae 358, 139, 695, 697 59 337 N3071 58.6 337 N3072 54 337 N3075 57 337 Genisteae 299, 119, 464 56 337 N3078 16.1 298, 337 Lupinus 4 11.25 298, 418, 571 N3080 5.45 418, 571 N3085 5.56 571 N3088 11 477 N3089 8 477 N3094 5 477 N3108 10.1 477 N3125 54.3 337 Millettioids 27.8 337 N3128 19.2 337 N3129 13.1 603 Phaseoleae 1.3 88 Hologalegina 50.6 337 Robinioids 34 337 Loteae 13, 435 24 571 N3148 19 571 Lotus 16.62 457 IRLC 39 337 N3181 33 337 Hedysareae 3 25.15 337, 730 N3184 16 571 N3190 15.45 696, 571 Colutea 6 731 Astragalus 302, 696 12.4 696 Oxytropis 8.3 696, 731 N3231 31.15 337, 571 Trifolieae 600 23 571 N3233 17.45 401, 571 Medicago 599 13 571 Melilotus 3.17 571 Ononis 631 N3258 18 571 Trifolium 142 29 571 Vicieae 24.32 337, 571 Vicia 496, 272, 105, 145 Vicia.subgen. 15.27 571 Lathyrus 304 17 571 N3403 9.85 571 N3409 7.27 571 N3411 0.77 571 N3416 16.67 571 N3417 15 571 N3420 13.46 571 N3435 66.5 171, 169 Polygalaceae 480 40.9 171 N3451 95 TimeTree (Fagales - Rosales) excl. Jeong et al. 1999 Rosales 81.45 561, 169 Rosaceae 148, 497 72.5 685, 576 Rosoideae 54 576 N3458 39 305 Rubus 11 Colurieae 37 576 Geum 574, 575 17 576 N3820 33.3 305, 131 Rosa 331 N3823 4 305 N3825 4 305 N3838 2.3 131 Potentilleae 460, 148, 203, 368, 131 32.95 305, 131 Potentilliinae 28.85 305, 131 N3880 20.65 131 N3887 17.65 131 N3888 4.9 131 N3932 27.25 131 Fragaria 498 1.7 448 N3935 1.35 448 N3946 29.75 131 Sanguisorbeae 341 Sanguisorbinae 13.7 305 N4035 50.5 131 Spiraeoideae 79, 80, 103, 499, 183, 362 N4041 44.45 131, 362 Amygdaleae 56, 342, 55 N4086 44 733 Spiraea 22.3 733 Amelanchier 35 362 N4109 35 362 Crataegus 10 362 N4124 42 362 N4125 39.5 362 N4126 35 362 N4129 27 362 N4131 24 362 N4176 41 362 N4181 43.5 362 N4182 43 362 Cotoneaster 32 362 N4185 27.5 362 N4191 22 362 N4194 16 362 N4206 43 362 Pyrus 23.5 362 N4212 37.5 362 N4215 67 169 N4218 64 521 Rhamnaceae 522, 50 55 521 N4222 21 521 Rhamnus 6.4 521 Elaeagnaceae 19 521 N4240 55 169 Ulmaceae 683, 720 N4250 42 169 Cannabaceae 21 725 Moraceae 121 Morus 30 725 Urticaceae 236 N4279 65 169 Cucurbitaceae 548, 549 41 548 Bryonia 8.4 647 N4294 21 548 Cucumis 9 548 N4298 16 548 N4301 50 169 Fagales 85 117 Fagaceae 382, 383 66.5 117 Quercus 17 381 N4329 42 169 N4330 36 169 N4337 35 169 Betulaceae 102, 439, 101, 554 N4344 22.9 529 N4346 7.9 529 Betula 17.55 172 N4363 107.3 TimeTree (Geraniales - Myrtales) Geraniales 97.5 169, 657 Geraniaceae 166, 30, 165 21.25 467, 166 Erodium 18.5 165, 7 N4368 6.81 165 N4370 2.87 165 Geranium 14.5 467, 166 N4412 92 169 Myrtales 82.4 TimeTree (Combretaceae - Onagraceae) Onagraceae 114, 33, 703 81 612, 539 N4425 62.5 612, 539 N4426 44.5 41, 539, 703 Circaea 8.02 41, 703 N4432 18 612 Epilobium 15 612 Oenothera 1 225 N4513 51 612 Lythraceae 222 N4530 79 612, 539, 169 N4531 68 612, 539, 169 N4541 106.8 TimeTree (Crossosomatales - Malvales) Crossosomatales 95 169 N4543 62 169 N4547 44 169 N4550 81 169 Sapindales 190 N4564 83 428, 169 N4567 65.5 428, 169 Anacardiaceae 470 45 428 Rhus 713 38.1 712 N4575 80.5 428, 169 Sapindaceae 518, 71 52.5 428 Acer 46 519 N4580 44 519 N4582 4 519 N4585 13.5 519 N4592 73.5 428, 169 Rutaceae 93 69 428 N4604 91.4 TimeTree (Malvales - Brassicales) Malvales 68 169 Thymelaeaceae 193 17.9 193 Daphne 5.9 193 N4621 23 169 Cistaceae 234 14.5 234 Fumana 2 234 N4626 10 233, 234 Helianthemum 6.3 234 N4638 5.3 233, 234 N4641 14 169 Malvaceae 514, 618, 200 N4648 20 329 Brassicales 85 177 N4684 55 169 N4687 71 177 N4688 60 169 N4691 58 169 N4693 54 169 Limnanthaceae 411 N4707 53 394 Resedaceae 393 10.5 394 N4719 50 394, 177 N4721 42 177 Brassicaceae 668, 26, 325, 118 , 666, 369 37.5 177 Core_Brassicaceae 32.3 118 Lineage_I_Franzke_et_al._2011 27.3 118 Descurainieae 21.2 118, 220 N4731 13 220 Lepidieae 61, 737, 432 13.2 118 N4754 2 431 for Lepidium s.str. Cardamineae 178, 611, 440, 48, 354, 81 15.71 431, 47, 34, 715 N4766 13.53 34, 715 N4822 22.12 "34; TimeTree (Physaria - Arabidopsis)" N4824 21.58 "34; TimeTree (Boechera - Arabidopsis)" Erysimeae 8.58 34 Erysimum 5.08 34 Camelineae1 12.75 321, 118 Arabidopsis 0.16 278 Camelineae2 16.1 118 N4849 11.28 34 Camelina 6.6 34 Capsella 573 3.18 264 Lineage_III_Franzke_et_al._2011 27.3 34, 177 N4864 26.39 34 Alysseae 670, 87 19.3 118 Iberis 10.1 34 Malcolmieae 19.8 118 Cochlearia 322, 324 Arabideae 320, 326, 327 16 34, 118, 327 N4941 7.8 327 N4952 3.35 327 Arabis_hirsuta_agg. 1.65 327 Draba_s.l. 681, 289, 369 2.3 288 N4981 2.04 100 Thlaspideae 738, 323, 177 12.45 118, 355 clade_III_Koch_Mummenhoff_2001 4.4 355 N5010 1.3 319, 355 N5012 1.5 355 N5014 1 355 N5019 0.5 355 Lineage_II_Franzke_et_al._2011 29.6 34, 118 Isatideae 11.2 118 N5029 19.48 34, 118, 715 Sisymbrium 667 10.04 34 Brassiceae 668, 395, 669 18.12 370, 34 Crambe 14.9 309 Diplotaxis 395, 149 N5098 114.6 TimeTree (Santalales - Caryophyllales) N5101 94 645, 169 N5103 71 645, 169 Loranthus_europaeus 644 Santalaceae 128, 421 Thesium 29.8 421 Viscum 29 645 Berberidopsidales 100 169 N5136 111.5 TimeTree (Aster - Caryophyllales) Caryophyllales 84 169 N5138 60 169 Droseraceae 524 50 710 Drosera 15 710 N5156 30 169 Tamaricaceae 663 N5161 37 169 Plumbaginaceae 361 17.89 361 N5164 13.5 361 Limonium 9 361 N5171 8.5 361 Polygonaceae 182, 545, 72, 544 N5190 30 447 Fagopyrum 9.6 447 N5194 25 615 Rumiceae 23 608 Rumex 438 N5197 15.5 438 Persicaria 314, 313, 315 N5280 84 169 Caryophyllaceae 163, 241 45.67 424, 176, 635 Corrigioleae 31.15 424, 176, 635 N5294 41.75 424, 176, 572, 635 Paronychieae 29.49 424, 176, 635 N5303 39.63 424, 635 Polycarpeae 20.9 635 N5307 34.94 176, 635 Sperguleae 577, 579, 578 25.49 176, 635 Spergularia 8.53 176, 635 N5321 32.25 424, 176, 635 N5322 30.04 176, 635 Sclerantheae 19.71 176, 635 N5324 7.52 176 Scleranthus 2.75 578 Sagineae 19.01 176, 635 N5370 31.57 424, 572, 635 N5371 30.73 424, 572, 635 N5372 21.24 424, 176, 635 Caryophylleae 19.05 424, 176, 635 Saponaria 3.35 176, 635 N5378 6.88 176, 635 Gypsophila 5.13 176, 635 N5390 10.79 635 Dianthus 635 4.53 635 N5397 1.35 635 N5400 2.02 635 N5401 0.88 635 N5407 1.01 635 Sileneae 462, 494, 174, 572, 483 20 424, 176, 572 Silene_s.l. 13.5 424, 176, 572 N5418 12.98 176 N5422 5.59 176, 572 Viscaria 7.5 176 Atocion 3.05 176 N5429 12.99 176, 572, 513 N5432 5.36 513 Behenantha 10.5 572 N5438 5.66 572 N5448 1.5 572 Silene.subgen. 4 176, 572 N5468 29.44 176, 635 N5471 10.08 424, 176, 635 N5472 6.72 176, 635 Cerastium 552, 70, 69 N5495 1.51 176, 635 N5506 0.96 552 N5526 3.46 176, 635 Arenarieae 16.36 176, 635 Arenaria 13 635 Moehringia 16 635 Amaranthaceae 134, 292, 430 54.39 106, 293 N5558 33 293 Amaranthus 90, 705 N5582 51.73 635, 106, 293 N5585 41.76 635, 106, 293 N5586 36 293 Salicornia 295, 291 Suaeda 18 106 N5606 33.73 106, 293 Bassia 293 18.98 106, 293 Chenopodium_s.l. 294, 185 Blitum 26.29 106, 293 N5643 29.7 294, 635, 106, 293 Atriplex 294, 718 12.85 106, 293 N5653 6.93 294 N5654 4.68 294 N5667 3 294 N5669 1 294 N5674 5.2 294 N5675 4.22 294 N5701 54 24 N5708 21 169 Aizoaceae 318 N5720 52 24 N5723 42 24 Montiaceae 23, 453 20 24 N5732 38.4 24 N5734 23.6 169, 24 Portulaca_oleracea 453 Cactaceae 2.6 377 Asteridae 110.7 TimeTree (Cornales - Asterales) Cornales 103.19 553, 702 N5746 97.5 553 N5747 79.05 553, 702 Hydrangeaceae 49.31 553, 702 Philadelphus 20.24 228 Cornaceae 155 62.65 701, 553, 702 N5767 53.3 702 Ericales 103 65, 553 N5772 60 64, 281 Balsaminaceae 280 Impatiens 2.3 281 N5784 99 64, 553 Polemoniaceae 502 70 495 N5802 65 711 N5804 58 711 N5806 47 711 Primulaceae 18, 297 Androsace 559, 664, 59 34.9 59 N5814 31.9 59 N5816 14.9 59 N5819 7.4 59 N5820 4.5 59 N5822 2.5 59 N5825 5.2 59 N5826 3 59 N5830 4.1 59 N5832 2.9 59 N5834 1 59 N5842 36.5 711 Primula 116, 628, 398, 399 N5844 33 711 N5868 23 711 Soldanella 729 0.62 729 Myrsinaceae 32 711 Cyclamen 12.7 711 Lysimachieae 23.5 711 N5885 20 711 Anagallis 380 Lysimachia 17, 328 15 711 N5905 95 64, 349 N5914 83.5 64, 553 N5919 96 349 N5921 90 349 Ericaceae 333, 179, 334, 335, 348, 215, 208 89 493 Pyroleae 360 Arbutoideae 30.2 255 N5947 72 349, 493 N5949 50 493 N5956 69.63 413, 493 N5957 63 493 Rhododendron 195, 215 39.25 413 N5959 22 413 Empetrum 5.5 493 Erica 490 Vaccinioideae 53 493 N5993 46 493 Vaccinium 335, 500 28 493 asterid_I 102.1 TimeTree (Asterales - Boraginaceae) N6012 94.5 64 Boraginaceae 336, 385 88.5 420, 385 N6015 81 420, 385 Boraginoideae 47.5 385 N6019 37 385 N6020 35 385 N6025 33.5 385 N6026 22.5 385 Myosotis 694, 693, 677 N6060 46.5 385 Lithospermeae 676 34 385 N6062 23 385 N6067 29 385 Onosma 5.5 385 Echium 15.3 385 Boragineae 336, 256, 564 N6082 23.6 385 Pulmonaria "317;" N6101 33.5 385 N6102 31.5 385 Anchusa 30 385 N6115 6.9 385 Gentianales 69 717, 67 Rubiaceae 436, 591 20.8 445, 65 N6138 12 445 N6191 9 445 N6224 68 65 Gentianaceae 263, 649, 606, 650, 386, 387, 414, 157 Chironieae 22.1 386 Blackstonia 9.4 386 Centaurium 14.2 386 N6276 6.3 649 N6299 67 TimeTree (Loganiaceae - Apocynaceae) N6301 66.9 manual adjustment Apocynaceae 566 54 512 N6307 29 512 N6312 83.6 TimeTree (Lamiales - Solanales) Lamiales 550 N6315 67.1 TimeTree (Oleaceae - Plantaginaceae) Oleaceae 656 Jasminum 30.68 340 N6326 57.2 444, 340, 43 N6327 22.77 444, 340, 347 N6333 50.32 339, 340, 43 Fraxinus 24 443 N6339 33 43 N6347 67 444, 64 Lamiaceae 301, 691, 654 Mentheae 214, 63, 416, 140 46.5 140 N6376 22.5 140 N6380 8 140 N6382 2.5 140 Mentha 8.5 140 N6420 15.25 140 N6424 10.5 140 Salviinae 655 34 140 N6439 18 140 N6441 9.5 140 N6453 32 140 N6460 26.5 140 N6462 12.5 140 N6467 34.5 140 Ocimeae 468 Lamioideae_s.str. 551, 39 Lamium 38 Lentibulariaceae 284, 126 Orobanchaceae 698, 40 44.4 698 Orobanche 378, 558, 465 33.9 698 N6635 33.9 698 Pedicularis 708, 515, 707 11.7 698 Rhinanthoideae 619 N6668 25 698 N6686 22.22 698, 231 Euphrasia 231 7.93 231 N6690 7.1 231 N6701 5.9 231 N6702 5.2 231 N6710 3.6 231 Phrymaceae 40 443 Plantaginaceae 10 Antirrhineae 207, 642, 162 24.5 162 Linaria 11.5 162 N6752 8 162 N6756 4 162 N6758 2 162 N6783 7.25 641 Antirhinum 4.1 641 N6791 35 104 Plantagineae 532, 162 Plantago 17 104 N6795 15 104 N6810 7 104 Veroniceae 8, 9, 429 N6840 9.9 652 Digitalis 62, 252 Globularia 2.45 112, 622 Callitricheae 18.9 345 Callitriche 486 Scrophulariaceae 461, 617 37 120 N6915 35.93 555 Scrophularia 28.56 555 N6957 67.73 "TimeTree (Solanaceae - Convolvulaceae); 492" Convolvulaceae 601, 199, 406, 602 Solanaceae 458, 459, 109 27.25 463, 130 Nicotiana 9.65 630 Solanoideae 397 25 463, 130 N6993 15.98 130, 630 Lycium 11.5 463 Hyoscymeae 12.78 630 N7003 22.25 463, 130, 630 Physalis 12 463 Solanum 49, 674 15 492 N7013 13.25 487, 492 N7017 14 492 asterid_II 101.1 TimeTree (Aquifoliales - Asterales) N7033 77 64 N7038 93.7 TimeTree (Asterales - Dipsacales) Asterales 77 308 Campanulaceae 141, 466, 533, 52, 235, 534 Lobelia 16 503 Campanuloidae 24.5 534, 503, 734 N7049 18 534, 734 N7054 16.85 534, 734 Rapunculus-clade 14.75 534, 503, 734 N7056 12.75 534, 734 N7058 9 534 N7062 8 534 N7066 3.5 534 N7068 1 534 N7072 8.5 534 N7074 7 534 N7078 6 734 Campanula_s.str. 12.25 534, 503, 734 N7107 3 534 N7121 76.25 TimeTree (Asteraceae - Menyanthaceae) Menyanthaceae 623 55 623 N7125 56.85 TimeTree (Asteraceae - Goodeniaceae) N7127 49.5 TimeTree (Asteraceae - Calyceraceae) Asteraceae 187, 188 35.5 TimeTree (Barnadesioideae - Asteroideae) N7145 33.5 308 Cardueae "237, 197, 196, 198, 610, 609;167, 54 Cichorieae" 25.85 614, 662 Echinops 543 Arctium 366 2.6 365 N7187 15 308 N7192 4 662 N7233 Barres et al. unpublished, cited in 425 N7241 13.06 Barres et al. unpublished, cited in 425 N7249 2.37 425 N7278 27.8 TimeTree (Cichorium - Senecio) Cichorioideae 24.25 308, 728 Scorzonerinae 11.5 728 Tragopogon 403 Scorzonera 402, 690 5 728 N7309 20.25 308, 626, 728 Cichorium 1.5 728 Hieraciinae 159, 108, 160 6.5 728 Lactucinae 330, 332 11.5 728 N7502 7 728 Sonchus 310, 311 Hypochaeridinae 626, 542 14 728 N7532 8.5 728 N7538 6.6 626 N7556 17.5 728 N7557 12.5 728 Taraxacum 0.5 728 Crepis 147 N7577 5.5 728 N7598 5.5 728 Chondrillinae 8 728 Chondrilla 2 728 Asteroideae 25.25 308, 653 Senecioneae 474, 473, 449 Doronicum 14 N7652 13 653 Senecioninae 10.5 653 N7691 3.9 111, 110 N7693 3.25 110 N7694 1.67 110 Gnaphalieae 192, 665, 191 N7772 21 164 Astereae 68 13.6 164 N7778 7.3 164 Erigeron 450 Anthemideae 456, 535, 363 Artemisia 673, 624, 471, 472 23.75 625, 547 N7833 22.5 625 N7834 17.5 625 N7836 9.25 625, 547 N7840 1.5 547 N7843 6.5 625 N7846 19.75 625, 547 N7847 14 625, 547 N7848 6 625, 547 N7851 8.5 625 N7852 2.5 625 N7856 4.5 625 N7860 17.25 625, 547 N7865 17 625 N7870 4 547 N7874 16 455, 535 Matricariinae 11 455 Achillea 229 Anthemidinae 13 455, 535 Anthemis_s.l. 12 455, 535 N7910 7 535 N7915 10 455, 535 N7919 8 455, 535 Tanacetum 12.9 455 N7933 15 455 Leucantheminae 8 455 N7949 13 455 N7950 11 455 Inuleae 16, 15, 146 Coreopsideae 312 Bidens 194 N8006 14.75 308, 106 N8016 12.5 308 Heliantheae 412, 633, 28, 27 Ambrosiinae 412, 633, 28 Helianthus 4.95 556 Milleriinae 204 Eupatorieae 557 8.1 557 N8068 91.9 TimeTree (Apiales - Dipsacales) N8071 84 64 N8075 67.5 TimeTree (Pittosporaceae - Apiaceae) N8077 61.5 TimeTree (Apiaceae - Araliaceae) Araliaceae 491, 76 Apiaceae 138, 137 N8087 58.05 296 Saniculoideae 46.95 296 Saniculeae 40.45 296 Astrantia 74 10 296 N8098 24.4 296 N8099 11.55 296 Eryngium 75 3.75 296 Bupleurum 441 N8151 52 594 Oenantheae 592, 136, 593, 374, 531 N8169 35 592 N8178 44.4 594 Scandiceae 135, 338 N8197 18.25 594 Chaerophyllum 13 594 N8205 2 594 Daucinae 23 594 Tordylieae 25 594 Tordyliinae 138 Selineae 595, 6 20.5 594, 351 Angelica 12 351 Pimpinella 375 Careae 27.5 594 Apieae 20.5 594 N8330 7 594 N8333 7.5 594 Adoxaceae 732, 275, 276 75.5 35, 417 Viburnum 23.5 417 N8351 48 35, 417 Sambucus 14 417 N8361 81.5 35 Caprifoliaceae 732, 620, 692 44.5 35, 582 N8364 38.5 35 Lonicera 28 582 N8367 7.5 584 N8371 25 582 N8388 67.78 35 N8390 66 35 N8392 61.15 35 Dipsacaceae 692, 25, 83 29.21 35, 417, 82 Scabiosa 9 82 N8398 0.4 82 Valerianaceae 253, 36 22.15 35 Valerianella 16.5 417 N8435 14 417 N8436 5.5 417 N8442 18.5 417 Valeriana 17 417 N8449 8 417 N8451 5 417 N8456 7.5 417