Table
3B: definitions of variables in Links data set. |
|
Column
Number |
Column Name |
Variable |
Variable Description |
|
1 |
Consumer Node ID |
nomial numeric |
The unordered nominal node
specific ID number of the consumer in the interaction. |
|
2 |
Resource Node ID |
nomial numeric |
The unordered nominal node
specific ID number of the resource in the interaction. |
|
3 |
Consumer Sp ID |
nomial numeric |
The unordered nominal species
specific ID number of the consumer in the interaction. |
|
4 |
Resource Sp ID |
nomial numeric |
The unordered nominal species
specific ID number of the resource in the interaction. |
|
5 |
Consumer St ID |
nomial numeric |
The combined Species ID number
and Stage ID number of the consumer, separated by the decimal point. |
|
6 |
Resource St ID |
nomial numeric |
The combined Species ID number
and Stage ID number of the resource, separated by the decimal point. |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
1 |
Predation |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
2 |
Social Predation |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
3 |
Micropredation |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
4 |
Parasitic Castration |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
5 |
Pathogen Infection |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
6 |
Macroparasitism |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
7 |
Pollination |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
8 |
Parasitoid Infection |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
9 |
Commensalism |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
10 |
Trophically Transmitted
Parasitic Castration |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
11 |
Trophically Transmitted Pathogen
Infection |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
12 |
Trophically Transmitted
Parasitism |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
13 |
Trophically Transmitted
Commensalism |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
14 |
Concomitant Predation on
Symbionts |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
15 |
Trophic Transmission |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
16 |
Predation on free-living
non-feeding stages |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
17 |
Predation on commensal
non-feeding stages |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
18 |
Detritivory |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
19 |
Parasite intraguild trophic
interaction |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
20 |
Intimate and Durable Mutualism |
|
7 |
Link Type ID |
21 |
Facultative Micropredation |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Predation |
A consumer individual that,
within a single lifecycle stage, kills and consumes more than one individual
of the resource (prey) species. Examples: snakes, warblers, clams. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Social Predation |
Two or more conspecific
individual predators cooperate to kill and consume a single individual of the
prey species. Examples: wolves, army ants. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Micropredation |
A consumer individual that,
within a single lifecycle stage, feeds on more than one resource individual
but does not kill that resource individual (host). Damage to the resource
individual is intensity-dependent; the more micropredators feeding on a resource
individual the greater the resource's loss of fitness. Examples: mosquitoes,
leafhoppers, most butterfly fishes. Micropredators can be important vectors
for pathogens. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Parasitic Castration |
A consumer individual blocks the
reproduction of the resource individual (host). Thus, while they reduce host
fitness to zero, parasitic castrators do not necessarily reduce survivorship
of the stolen host body. The effect on the host is intensity-independent in
that there is no additive reproductive effect of additional parasitic
castrators on the host. Examples: digenean trematode parthenitae, bopyrid
isopods, rhizocephalan barnacles, most strepsipterans. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Pathogen Infection |
A consumer individual infects a
single resource individual (host) and then multiplies within that host. Death
of the host will ensue unless its defensive mechanisms or external forces
(e.g. other consumers) limit the infection. The effects are intensity-independent,
as the outcome may result from a single infectious agent (or inoculum). These
consumers are appropriately modeled using microparasite models (Anderson and
May, 1979). Examples: smallpox, diphtheria, malaria, lice, scale
insects, Gyrodactylus monogenean
flatworms. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Macroparasitism |
A consumer individual infects an
individual host, does not necessarily cause the death of its host and does
not reduce the fitness of the host to zero. Also it is not trophically
transmissible to other hosts. Impact on the host is intensity-dependent, These
consumers are appropriately modeled using macroparasite models (May and
Anderson, 1979). Examples: adult cestodes, Ichthyopthirius ciliates, corn
borers, whip worms, fleas, most parasitic copepods. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Pollination |
An interaction in which a
consumer individual facilitates the fertilization of a resource individual.
The brevity of this interaction distinguishes it from symbiotic (durable)
mutualisms. Examples: bees, hummingbirds. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Parasitoid Infection |
A consumer individual kills only
a single resource (host) individual. Its impact on the host is
intensity-independent. Examples: parasitoid wasp larvae, bacteriophages,
insect iridoviruses, pasteurella viruses, nematomorphs. If the host is an
adult, reproduction ceases before host death. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Commensalism |
A (non-trophic) interaction
between a symbiont and its individual host, where the symbiont does not
negatively impact host fitness. Examples: clausidiid copepods living on
exoskeletons of burrowing shrimp, trematode metacercariae encysting on the
exoskeleton of a crab. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Trophically Transmitted
Parasitic Castration |
An infectious consumer
individual blocks a hostŐs reproduction and requires that its host be
consumed by an appropriate predator host for lifecycle completion.
Trophically transmitted parasitic castrators often modify host to increase
trophic transmission to the predator host. Examples: Schistocephalus tapeworm
pleroceroid larvae, some microphallid trematodes in molluscan hosts. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Trophically Transmitted Pathogen
Infection |
An infectious consumer
individual multiplies within a resource individual (host) and requires that
the host be consumed by an appropriate predator host in order to complete its
lifecycle. Trophically transmitted pathogens often modify host behavior to increase
trophic transmission to the predator host. Examples: multilocular hydatid
tapeworm cysts, Toxoplamsa in intermediate hosts. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Trophically Transmitted
Parasitism |
An infectious consumer on a
resource (host), where the consumer requires its host to be consumed by an
appropriate predator host to complete its life cycle. Its effect on the host
is intensity-dependent. Trophically transmitted parasites often modify host
behavior to increase trophic transmission to the next (predator) host.
Examples: most larval tapeworms, most trematode metacercariae, Guinea worms
in copepods. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Trophically Transmitted
Commensalism |
The non-trophic interaction
between a commensal and its host resource individual where, in order to
complete its life cycle, the commensal requires that its host resource
individual be consumed by an appropriate predator or micropredator. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Concomitant
Predation on Symbionts |
A consumer individual preys on a
resource individual, and thus consumes the resource individual's symbionts.
This interaction describes the fate of the symbionts that are not able to
escape or use the attacking consumer as a resource. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Trophic Transmission |
A consumer individual consumes a
free-living infectious agent or trophically transmitted infectious agent that
is able to infect it, thus further the infectious agent's life cycle. This
describes the transmission event between the appropriate predator host and
the trophically transmitted parasite. This is opposed to trophically
transmitted parasitic castration/pathogen infection/parasitism/commensalism,
which describe the interaction between the parasite and the host that is
preyed upon during trophic transmission. It is similar to Concomitant
Predation on Symbionts in that it describes ingestion of a parasite by a
consumer, but differs in that this ingestion can lead to transmission of the
parasite from the prey to the consumer. Likewise, it is similar to Predation
on free-living non-feeding parasite stages except that consumption of the
free-living stage leads to transmission of the parasite. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Predation on free-living
non-feeding stages |
A consumer individual consumes
free-living non-feeding stages, that are not infectious to the consumer
individual. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Predation on commensal
non-feeding stages |
A consumer individual attacking
non-feeding commensals without harming their symbiont resource. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Detritivory |
A consumer individual feeds on
or breaks down dead animal and plant matter. Examples:
many fungi, dung beetles, vultures. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Parasite Intraguild Trophic
Interaction |
An infectious agent attacks and
kills (usually consuming) another infectious agent within the same symbiont. Examples: larval trematodes, parasitoid wasps. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Intimate and Durable Mutualism |
The positive trophic interaction
between a symbiont and its host symbiote. Examples:
hermatypic corals and zooxanthellae. |
|
8 |
Link Type |
Facultative Micropredation |
The outcome of a feeding
interaction of a micropredator depends on the relative size of the prey or
host individual. On a large host
the consumer is a micropredator, but on a small prey the consumer is a predator.
The relative sizes determining feeding outcomes are system specific. Related
terms used in system and taxon specific contexts include browser, grazer and
sublethal predator. Examples: vampire bats, lampreys, fang blennies. |
|
9 |
Link Evidence |
Observed |
The link was directly observed
in the field, through gut content analysis, or through parasitological
examination |
|
9 |
Link Evidence |
Inferred |
The link was inferred to exist
in the system either because it was observed at other localities, observed
under experimental conditions, or was based on expert opinion. |
|
9 |
Link Evidence |
Modeled |
The link was included when
similar species interactions were used as models for this particular
interaction. |
|
9 |
Link Evidence |
Speculated |
The link is inferred by general
knowledge of the taxon, but could be inaccurate. "Speculated" in
these webs is only employed for 10 links concerning uncertain feeding biology
of some unidentified polychaete larvae: assuming they prey on phytoplankton,
versus being non-feeding. |
|
10 |
Link Evidence Notes |
nominal |
A qualitative description of the
link evidence source. |
|
11 |
Link Frequency |
interval numeric |
For observed links, the
proportion of times that the link was observed (e.g. the proportion of
consumer guts within which the resource species was present). |
|
12 |
Link N |
integer |
The number of consumers that
were examined to detect this particular link. |
|
13 |
Diet Fraction |
interval numeric |
The fraction of the consumer's
diet (e.g., in terms of biomass/year) comprised by the resource node. |
|
14 |
Consumption Rate |
interval numeric |
The rate at which the
interaction occurs, explicitly expressed in numbers, biomass or energy per
unit time. |
|
15 |
Vector From |
nominal numeric |
The Node ID of the vector
necessary for a parasitic feeding link to occur. For instance, enter the Node
ID for mosquito here if the link is malaria-human. If more than one vector
can lead to this type of parasitism, there will be multiple rows repeated here,
one for each prey type. Note, in many cases, this will lead to duplicate
links, which may need to be considered in analyses. |
|
16 |
Prey From |
nominal numeric |
The Node ID of prey needed to be
consumed for a particular parasite-prey interaction to occur (via trophic
transmission). If more than one prey can lead to parasitism, there will be
multiple rows repeated here, one for each prey type. Note, in many cases,
this will lead to duplicate links, which may need to be considered in
analyses. |
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