Scott A. Wissinger, Howard H. Whiteman, Mathieu Denoël, Miranda L. Mumford, and Catherine B. Aubee. 2010. Consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of cannibalism in fluctuating age-structured populations. Ecology 91:549–559.

Appendix C. Statistical analyses of four nonconsumptive responses to the threat of cannibalism measured on small conspecifics during (activity rates) and at the end (injuries, gut fullness, final mass) of three mesocosm field experiments. The data were first analyzed using a two-way MANOVA for the effects of cannibal presence and size of  victims on these response variables. Protected ANOVAs  (sensu Scheiner 1993) for each response variable and  graphical results are given below.  df = degrees of freedom for numerator, denominator of MANOVAs.

FIG. C1. Experiment 1.  Non-consumptive effects of the presence of paedomorphs on 1+ and 2+ yr larvae. Asterisks indicate significant difference between cannibal and control treatments based on Tukey’s post hoc comparison of means for significant overall ANOVA effect.