Michael Schaub, Olivier Gimenez, Benedikt R. Schmidt, and Roger Pradel. 2004. Estimating survival and temporary emigration in the multistate capture–recapture framework. Ecology 85:2107–2113.

Appendix C. Figures with the evaluation of bias and precision of parameters estimated with different time invariant temporary emigration models.

This appendix shows the evaluation of the performance of the TE model under more survival and on-site recapture probabilities scenarios than in Fig. 1. It shows the asymptotic absolute bias and coefficient of variation (CV) of parameter estimates, and the P value of the goodness-of-fit test component 2.Ct for the TE model {S_., , , p_.}. The model is evaluated under different conditions with respect to survival (S), emigration (), immigration () and on-site recapture probabilities (p). Temporary emigration is random when = 1-, and emigration is permanent when = 0. The lines in the graphs are truncated at � 0.2 (bias), at 200% (CV) and at 150 (). In the charts showing the bias, often only the survival rate is visible. The bias in the other parameters is the same as that of the survival rate when not visible. CJS refers to the survival rate estimated with the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model {S_., p_.}.