Larry V. Hedges, Jessica Gurevitch, and Peter S. Curtis. 1999. The meta-analysis of response ratio experiments in experimental ecology. Ecology 80: 1150-1156.

References to data table: numbers refer to column 2 in the data


44 Arnone, J.A., III, and J.C. Gordon. 1990. Effect of Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation and CO2 Enrichment on the Physiology, Growth and Dry Mass Allocation of Seedlings of Alnus rubra Bong. New Phytologist 116: 55-66.

2186 Bassow, S.L., K.D.M. McConnaughay, and F.A. Bazzaz. 1994. The Response of Temperate Tree Seedlings Grown in Elevated CO2 to Extreme Temperature Events. Ecological Applications 4(3): 593-603.

2223 Bazzaz, F.A., and S.L. Miao. 1993. Successional Status, Seed Size, and Responses of Tree Seedlings to CO2, Light and Nutrients. Ecology 74(1): 104-112.

2037 Bazzaz, F.A., S.L. Miao, and P.M. Wayne. 1993. CO2-induced Growth Enhancements of Co-occuring Tree Species Decline at Different Rates. Oecologia 96: 478-482.

2217 Berryman, C.A., D. Eamus, and G.A. Duff. 1993. The Influence of CO2 Enrichment on Growth, Nutrient Content and Biomass Allocation of Maranthes corymbosa. Australian Journal of Botany 41: 195-209.

112 Brown, K.R. 1991. Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Accelerates the Decline in Nutrient Status and Relative Growth Rate of Populus tremuloides Michx. Seedlings. Tree Physiology 8: 161-173.

121 Bunce, J.A. 1992. Stomatal Conductance, Photosynthesis and Respiration of Temperate Deciduous Tree Seedlings Grown Outdoors at an Elevated Concentration of Carbon Dioxide. Plant, Cell and Environment 15: 541-549.

2026 Callaway, R.M., E.H. DeLucia, E.M. Thomas, and W.H. Schlesinger. 1994. Compensatory Responses of CO2 Exchange and Biomass Allocation and their Effects on the Relative Growth Rate of Ponderosa Pine in Different CO2 and Temperature Regimes. Oecologia 98: 159-166.

2043 Cipollini, M.L., B.G. Drake, and D. Whigham. 1993. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Growth and Carbon/Nutrient Balance in the Deciduous Woody Shrub Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume (Lauraceae). Oecologia 96: 339-346.

150 Conroy, J.P., M. Kuppers, B. Kuppers, J. Virgona, and E.W.R. Barlow. 1988. The Influence of CO2 Enrichment, Phosphorus Deficiency and Water Stress on the Growth, Conductance and Water Use of Pinus radiata D. Don. Plant, Cell and Environment 11: 91-98.

159 Couteaux, M.M., P. Bottner, H. Rouhier, and G. Billes. 1992. Atmospheric CO2 Increase and Plant Material Quality: Production, Nitrogen Allocation and Litter Decomposition of Sweet Chestnut. IN: Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes (A. Teller, P. Mathy, and J.N.R. Jeffers, eds.), Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 429-436.

168 Curtis, P.S., and J.A. Teeri. 1992. Seasonal Responses of Leaf Gas Exchange to Elevated Carbon Dioxide in Populus grandidentata. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22: 1320-1325.

2039 Curtis, P.S., C.S. Vogel, K.S. Pregitzer, D.R. Zak, and J.A. Teeri. 1995. Interacting Effects of Soil Fertility and Atmospheric CO2 on Leaf Area Growth and Carbon Gain Physiology in Populus x euramericana (Dode) Guinier. New Phytologist 129: 253-263.

2129 Curtis, P.S., D.R. Zak, K.S. Pregitzer, and J.A. Teeri. 1994. Above- and Belowground Response of Populus grandidentata to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Soil N Availability. Plant and Soil 165: 45-51.

184 Downton, W.J.S., W.J.R. Grant, and E.K. Chacko. 1990. Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Photosynthesis and Early growth of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Scientia Horticulturae 44: 215-225.

183 Downton, W.J.S., W.J.R. Grant, and B.R. Loveys. 1987. Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Increases Yield of Valencia Orange. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 14: 493-501.

2047 Eamus, D., C.A. Berryman, and G.A. Duff. 1993. Assimilation, Stomatal Conductance, Specific Leaf Area and Chlorophyll Responses to Elevated CO2 of Maranthes corymbosa a Tropical Rain Forest Species. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 20: 741-755.

2071 Eamus, D., C.A. Berryman, and G.A. Duff. 1995. The Impact of CO2 Enrichment on Water Relations in Maranthes corymbosa and Eucalyptus tetrodonta. Australian Journal of Botany 43: 273-282.

2070 Eamus, D., G.A. Duff, and C.A. Berryman. 1995. Photosynthetic Responses to Temperature, Light, Flux-density, CO2 Concentration and Vapour Pressure Deficit in Eucalyptus tetrodonta Grown under CO2 Enrichment. Environmental Pollution 90: 41-49.

208 El Kohen, A., J.-Y. Pontailler, and M. Mousseau. 1991. Effect of Doubling of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Dark Respiration in Aerial Parts of Young Chestnut Trees (Castanea sativa Mill.). Comptes Rendus des Sciences (Paris) t. 312, Serie III: 477-481.

209 El Kohen, A., H. Rouhier, and M. Mousseau. 1992. Changes in Dry Weight and Nitrogen Partitioning Induced by Elevated CO2 Depends on Soil Nutrient Availability in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Annales des Sciences Forestieres 49: 83-90.

210 El Kohen, A., L. Venet, and M. Mousseau. 1993. Growth and Photosynthesis of Two Deciduous Forest Species at Elevated Carbon Dioxide. Functional Ecology 7: 480-486.

221 Ferguson, J.J., W.T. Avigne, L.H. Allen, and K.E. Koch. 1986. Growth of CO2-enriched Sour Orange Seedlings Treated with Gibberellins/Cytokinins. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 99: 37-39.

222 Fetcher, N., C.H. Jaeger, B.R. Strain, and N. Sionit. 1988. Long-term Elevation of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and the Carbon Exchange Rates of Saplings of Pinus taeda L. and Liquidambar styraciflua L. Tree Physiology 4: 255-262.

2041 Garcia, R.L., S.B. Idso, G.W. Wall, and B.A. Kimball. 1994. Changes in net Photosynthesis and Growth of Pinus eldarica Seedlings in Response to Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment. Plant, Cell and Environment 17: 971-978.

233 Gaudillere, J.-P., and M. Mousseau. 1989. Short Term Effect of CO2 Enrichment on Leaf Development and Gas Exchange of Young Poplars (Populus euramericana cv I 214). Acta Oecologica/Oecologia Plantarum 10: 95-105.

2002 Gorissen, A., P.J. Kuikman, and H. van de Beek. 1995. Carbon Allocation and water Use in Juvenile Douglas Fir under Elevated CO2. New Phytologist 129: 275-282.

2036 Grulke, N.E., J.L. Hom, and S.W. Roberts. 1993. Physiological Adjustment of two Full-sib Families of Ponderosa Pine to Elevated CO2. Tree Physiology 12: 391-401.

2035 Gunderson, C.A., R.J. Norby, and S.D. Wullschleger. 1993. Foliar Gas Exchange Responses of two Deciduous Hardwoods during 3 Years of Growth in Elevated CO2: no Loss of Photosynthetic Enhancement. Plant, Cell and Environment 16: 797-807.

290 Hollinger, D.Y. 1987. Gas Exchange and Dry Matter Allocation Responses to Elevation of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in Seedlings of three Tree Species. Tree Physiology 3: 193-202.

314 Idso, S.B., and B.A. Kimball. 1991. Downward Regulation of Photosynthesis and Growth at High CO2 Levels. Plant Physiology 96: 990-992.

318 Idso, S.B., and B.A. Kimball. 1993. Effects of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment on Net Photosynthesis and Dark Respiration Rates of Three Australian Tree Species. Journal of Plant Physiology 141: 166-171.

313 Idso, S.B., B.A. Kimball, and S.G. Allen. 1991. CO2 Enrichment of Sour Orange Trees: 2.5 Years into a Long-term Experiment. Plant, Cell and Environment 14: 351-353.

322 Idso, S.B., B.A. Kimball, and S.G. Allen. 1991. Net Photosynthesis of Sour Orange Trees Maintained in Atmospheres of Ambient and Elevated CO2 Concentration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 54: 95-101.

2123 Jarvis, P.G., H.S.J. Lee, and C.V.M. Barton. 1994. The Likely Impact of rising CO2 and Temperature on European Forests. Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh.

2045 Johnsen, K.H. 1993. Growth and Ecophysiological Responses of Black Spruce Seedlings to Elevated CO2 under Varied Water and Nutrient Additions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 1033-1042.

2109 Johnson, D., D. Geisinger, R. Walker, J. Newman, J. Vose, K. Elliot, and T. Ball. 1994. Soil pCO2, Soil Respiration, and Root Activity in CO2- fumigated and Nitrogen-fertilized Pondersosa Pine. Plant and Soil 165: 129-138.

340 Kaushal, P., J.M. Guehl, and G. Aussenac. 1989. Differential Growth Response to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment in Seedlings of Cedrus atlantica and Pinus nigra ssp. laricio var. corsicana. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19: 1351-1358.

362 Koch, K.E., P. Jones, W.T. Avigne, and L.H. Allen Jr. 1986. Growth, Dry Matter Partitioning, and Diurnal Activities of RuBP Carboxylase in Citrus Seedlings Maintained at Two Levels of CO2. Physiologia Plantarum 67: 477-484.

2121 Kubiske, M.E., and K.S. Pregitzer. 1994. Effect of Elevated CO2 and Light Availability on the Photosynthetic Light Response of Trees of Contrasting Shade Tolerance. Tree Physiology; in press.

2120 Laboratorium Voor Plantecologie. 1992. Effect of Increased Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Primary Productivity and Carbon Allocation in Typical Belgian Forest Ecosystems. Progress report 1992.

2028 Lavola, A., and R. Julkunen-Tiitto. 1994. The Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Fertilization on Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Birch, Betula pendula (Roth). Oecologia 99: 315-321.

2165 Lewis, J.D., R.B. Thomas, and B.R. Strain. 1994. Effect of Elevated CO2 on Mycorrhizal of Loblolly Pine Seedlings. Plant and Soil 165: 81-88.

2224 Lindroth, R.L., K.K. Kinney, and C.L. Platz. 1993. Responses of Deciduous Trees to Elevated Atmospheric CO2: Productivity, Phytochemistry, and Insect Performance. Ecology 74(3): 763-777.

2065 Liu, S., and R.O. Teskey. 1995. Responses of Foliar Gas Exchange to Long-term Elevated CO2 Concentrations in Mature Loblolly Pine Trees. Tree Physiology 15: 351-359.

2069 Marek, M.V., J. Kalina, and M. Matouskova. 1995. Response of Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation of Norway Spruce Exposed to Long-term Elevation of CO2 Concentration. Photosynthetica 31: 209-220.

2117 Mortensen, L.M. 1994. Effects of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Assimilate Partitioning, Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Betula pendula Roth. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. Seedlings at two Temperatures. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B, Soil and Plant Sciences 44: 164-169.

2003 Mortensen, L.M. 1995. Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Biomass Production and Partitioning in (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) Seedlings at Different Ozone and Temperature Regimes. Environmental Pollution 87: 337-343.

468 Mousseau, M. 1993. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Growth, Photosynthesis and Respiration of Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Vegetatio 104/105: 413-419.

470 Mousseau, M., and H.Z. Enoch. 1989. Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Reduces Shoot Growth in Sweet Chestnut Seedlings (Castanea sativa Mill.). Plant, Cell and Environment 12: 927-934.

502 Norby, R.J., C.A. Gunderson, S.D. Wullschleger, E.G. O'Neill, and M.K. McCracken. 1992. Productivity and Compensatory Responses of Yellow-poplar Trees in Elevated CO2. Nature 357: 322-324.

505 Norby, R.J., and E.G. O'Neill. 1989. Growth Dynamics and Water Use of Seedlings of Quercus alba L. in CO2-enriched Atmospheres. New Phytologist 111: 491-500.

506 Norby, R.J., and E.G. O'Neill. 1991. Leaf Area Compensation and Nutrient Interactions in CO2-enriched Seedlings of Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.). New Phytologist 117: 515-528.

503 Norby, R.J., E.G. O'Neill, W.G. Hood, and R.J. Luxmoore. 1987. Carbon Allocation, Root Exudation and Mycorrhizal Colonization of Pinus echinata Seedlings Grown under CO2 Enrichment. Tree Physiology 3: 203-210.

504 Norby, R.J., E.G. O'Neill, and R.J. Luxmoore. 1986. Effects of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment on the Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Quercus alba Seedlings in Nutrient-poor Soil. Plant Physiology 82: 83-89.

2131 Norby, R.J., Wullschleger, and C.A. Gunderson. 1996. Tree Responses to Elevated CO2 and Implications for Forests. IN: Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems (G.W. Koch and H.A. Mooney, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp.1-21.

510 O'Neill, E.G., R.J. Luxmoore, and R.J. Norby. 1987. Increases in Mycorrhizal Colonization and Seedling Growth in Pinus echinata and Quercus alba in an Enriched CO2 Atmosphere. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17: 878-883.

521 Overdieck, D. 1990. Effects of Elevated CO2-concentration Levels on Nutrient Contents of Herbaceous and Woody Plants. IN: The Greenhouse Effect and Primary Productivity in European Agro-ecosystems; 5-10 April 1990; Wageningen, The Netherlands (J. Goudriaan, H. van Keulen, and H.H. van Laar, eds.), Pudoc, Wageningen, pp. 31-37.

550 Pettersson, R., and A.J.S. McDonald. 1992. Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Photosynthesis and Growth of Small Birch Plants (Betula pendula Roth.) at Optimal Nutrition. Plant, Cell and Environment 15: 911-919.

2027 Pettersson, R., A.J.S. McDonald, and I. Stadenberg. 1993. Response of Small Birch Plants (Betula pendula Roth.) to Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Supply. Plant, Cell and Environment 16: 1115-1121.

553 Polle, A., T. Pfirrmann, S. Chakrabarti, and H. Rennenberg. 1993. The Effects of Enhanced Ozone and Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Concentrations on Biomass, Pigments and Antioxidative Enzymes in Spruce Seedlings. Plant, Cell and Environment 16: 311-316.

2110 Pregitzer, K.S., D.R. Zak, P.S. Curtis, M.E. Kubiske, J.A. Teeri, and C.S. Vogel. 1995. Atmospheric CO2, Soil Nitrogen and Turnover of Fine Roots. New Phytologist 129(4): 579-585.

582 Reekie, E.G., and F.A. Bazzaz. 1989. Competition and Patterns of Resource Use among Seedlings of Five Tropical Trees Grown at Ambient and Elevated CO2. Oecologia 79: 212-222.

2046 Reid, C.D., and B.R. Strain. 1994. Effects of CO2 Enrichment on Whole-plant Carbon Budget of Seedlings of Fagus grandifolia and Acer saccharum in low Irradiance. Oecologia 98: 31-39.

596 Rochefort, L., and F.A. Bazzaz. 1992. Growth Response to Elevated CO2 in Seedlings of Four Co-occurring Birch Species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22: 1583-1587.

2038 Roth, S.K., and R.L. Lindroth. 1994. Effects of CO2-mediated Changes in Paper Birch and White Pine Chemistry on Gypsy Moth Performance. Oecologia 98: 133-138.

644 Sharkey, T.D., F. Loreto, and C.F. Delwiche. 1991. High Carbon Dioxide and Sun/Shade Effects on Isoprene Emission from Oak and Aspen Tree Leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 14: 333-338.

655 Sionit, N., B.R. Strain, H. Hellmers, G.H. Riechers, and C.H. Jaeger. 1985. Long-term Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment Affects the Growth and Development of Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus taeda Seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15: 468-471.

666 Stewart, J.D., and J. Hoddinott. 1993. Photosynthetic Acclimation to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and UV Irradiation in Pinus banksiana. Physiologia Plantarum 88: 493-500.

2042 Sullivan, J.H., and A.H. Teramura. 1994. The Effects of UV-B Radiation on Loblolly Pine. 3. Interaction with CO2 Enhancement. Plant, Cell and Environment 17: 311-317.

676 Surano, K.A., P.F. Daley, J.L.J. Houpis, J.H. Shinn, J.A. Helms, R.J. Palassou, and M.P. Costella. 1986. Growth and Physiological Responses of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. to Long-term Elevated CO2 Concentration. Tree Physiology 2: 243-259.

2005 Teskey, R.O. 1995. A Field Study of the Effects of Elevated CO2 on Carbon Assimilation, Stomatal Conductance and Leaf Branch Growth of Pinus taeda Trees. Plant, Cell and Environment 18: 565-573.

682 Thomas, R.B., D.D. Richter, H. Ye, P.R. Heine, and B.R. Strain. 1991. Nitrogen Dynamics and Growth of Seedlings of an N-fixing Tree (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.) Exposed to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Oecologia 88: 415-421.

2044 Tissue, D.T., R.B. Thomas, and B.R. Strain. 1993. Long-term Effects of Elevated CO2 and Nutrients on Photosynthesis and Rubisco in Loblolly Pine Seedlings. Plant, Cell and Environment 16: 859-865.

2032 Tschaplinski, T.J., R.J. Norby, and S.D. Wullschleger. 1993. Responses of Loblolly Pine Seedlings to Elevated CO2 and Fluctuating Water Supply. Tree Physiology 13: 283-296.

2122 Vogel, C.S., and P.S. Curtis. 1995. Leaf Gas Exchange and Nitrogen Dynamics of N2-fixing, Field-grown Alnus glutinosa under Elevated Atmospheric CO2. Global Change Biology 1: 55-61.

2068 Wang, K., S. Kellomaki, and K. Laitinen. 1995. Effects of Needle Age, Long-term Temperature and CO2 Treatments on the Photosynthesis of Scots Pine. Tree Physiology 15: 211-218.

2152 Williams, R.S., D.E. Lincolm, and R.B. Thomas. 1994. Loblolly Pine Grown under Elevated CO2 Affects Early Instar Pine Sawfly Performance. Oecologia 98: 64-71.

747 Wullschleger, S.D., and R.J. Norby. 1992. Respiratory Cost of Leaf Growth and Maintenance in White Oak Saplings Exposed to Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22: 1717-1721.

746 Wullschleger, S.D., R.J. Norby, and C.A. Gunderson. 1992. Growth and Maintenance Respiration in Leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera L. Exposed to Long-term Carbon Dioxide Enrichment in the Field. New Phytologist 21: 515-523.

2004 Wullschleger, S.D., R.J. Norby, and P.J. Hanson. 1995. Growth and Maintenance Respiration in Stems of Quercus alba after Four Years of CO2 Enrichment. Physiologia Plantarum 93: 47-54.

745 Wullschleger, S.D., R.J. Norby, and D.L. Hendrix. 1992. Carbon Exchange Rates, Chlorophyll Content, and Carbohydrate Status of Two Forest Tree Species Exposed to Carbon Dioxide Enrichment. Tree Physiology 10: 21-31.

2048 Yakimchuk, R., and J. Hoddinott. 1994. The Influence of Ultraviolet-B Light and Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on the Growth and Physiology of Seedlings of Three Conifer Species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 1-8.

756 Ziska, L.H., K.P. Hogan, A.P. Smith, and B.G. Drake. 1991. Growth and Photosynthetic Response of Nine Tropical Species with Long-term Exposure to Elevated Carbon Dioxide. Oecologia 86: 383-389.

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