Additional comments on the experiments used in the meta-analysis. Paper numbers correspond to values in column 2 of the data.
Listed are paper numbers, authors, CO2 exposure facility, light, temperature, watering and nutrient conditions when available, location of experimental set-up and comments. For the CO2 exposure facilities, watering regimes and locations the following distinctions were made:
CO2-exposure facilities:
BRANCH - branch chambers
GC - indoor, controlled environment: growth chambers
GH - sunlit greenhouses and chambers within greenhouses
OTC - field-based open-top chambers
SPAR - high tech soil-plant-atmosphere chambers
Watering regime:
WW - well watered
W - watered
Locations:
NA - North America
CA - Central America
AU - Australia
EU - Europe
================================================================================
44 Arnone, J.A., III, and J.C. Gordon, 1990
GC
Light: 400 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 16h
Temperature: 26/20degC
Watering regime: WW/drip Humidity: 70%
Nutrients: daily 1/4 strength Hoagland
N Treatment: 0 vs 20 mg NH4NO3-N/l
NA: North Carolina
Root nodules from inocculation with Frankia cells
112 Brown, K.R., 1991
GC
Light: 400 umol/m2/s at canopy level Photoperiod: 18h
Temperature: 22/17degC
Watering regime: WW 6 d/wk Humidity: 45%
Macronutrients 6d/wk; N Treatment: 0.155 vs 15.5 mM NH4NO3-N
NA: Canada: Alberta
SE estimated from confidence interval
121 Bunce, J.A., 1992
GH
Light: 27-49 mol/m2/d
Temperature: 30-19degC
Watering regime: WW 2e or 3e day
fertile sandy loam+fertilizer/3 wks
NA: Maryland
SE and SD pers. comm.
150 Conroy, J.P., M. Kuppers, B. Kuppers, J. Virgona, and E.W.R. Barlow,1988
GC
Light: 450 umol/m2/s at top of plants Photoperiod: 16h
Temperature: 25/18degC
Watering regime: daily water
nutrients added; P treatment: P levels at 4.4 vs 40 mg/pot
AU
P-deficient needles of 0.7-0.8 mgP/gdrywt or 1-1.5 mgP/gdrywt
159 Couteaux, M.M., P. Bottner, H. Rouhier, and G. Billes, 1992
GC
soil with micro flora, fauna and litter
EU: S France
Se assumed
168 Curtis, P.S., and J.A. Teeri, 1992
OTC
Temperature: local+1.5/1/2degC
Watering regime: Precip+W
available N: 2.7ug/g soil
NA: N-Michigan
183 Downton, W.J.S., W.J.R. Grant, and B.R. Loveys, 1987
GH
Light: 600-350 umol/m2/s: top of plants-pot level Photoperiod: 10h
Temperature: 25/18degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 60-90%
1/2 strength Hoagland 2*wk
AU
fruit dry wt
184 Downton, W.J.S., W.J.R. Grant, and E.K. Chacko, 1990
GC
Light: 450 umol/m2/s initially Photoperiod: 14-12h
Temperature: 30/22degC
Watering regime: WW daily Humidity: 50%
Oscomote each 3-4mo
AU
208 El Kohen, A., J.-Y. Pontailler, and M. Mousseau, 1991
OTC
EU: France
209 El Kohen, A., H. Rouhier, and M. Mousseau, 1992
GH
Watering regime: WW/drip
NPK Treatment: 0 NPK vs 0.82g N, 0.78gP, 0.4gK/month
EU: France
210 El Kohen, A., L. Venet, and M. Mousseau, 1993
GH
Temperature: local+-1.8degC
Watering regime: W daily
EU: France
N(#) Castanea from total # plants Castanea; from Fagus from F4
221 Ferguson, J.J., W.T. Avigne, L.H. Allen, and K.E. Koch, 1986
GH
Light: 85% from outside
Temperature: 31/23degC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added: NPK 20:20:20; Peter's
NA: Florida
part of gibberellin and cytokinin treatment experiment
222 Fetcher, N., C.H. Jaeger, B.R. Strain, and N. Sionit, 1988
GH
Light: 1900 umol/m2/s for gas exchange measurements
Temperature controlled for 30yr average
NA: N Carolina
N(#) for stomatal conductance assumed same as for assimilation rate
233 Gaudillere, J.-P., and M. Mousseau, 1989
GC
Light: 250 umol/m2/s at top of canopy Photoperiod: 16h
Temperature: 22/15degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 50%
EU: France
290 Hollinger, D.Y., 1987
GC
Light: 700 umol/m2/s at top of canopy Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 20/10degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 70/90%
AU
SE of mass estimated
313 Idso, S.B., B.A. Kimball, and S.G. Allen, 1991
OTC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added
NA: Arizona
314 Idso, S.B., and B.A. Kimball, 1991
OTC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added
NA: Arizona
SD of mass estimated from area of F1
318 Idso, S.B., and B.A. Kimball, 1993
OTC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added
NA: Arizona
Assimilation rate and N(#) estimated from F3
322 Idso, S.B., B.A. Kimball, and S.G. Allen, 1991
OTC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added
NA: Arizona
340 Kaushal, P., J.M. Guehl, and G. Aussenac, 1989
GH
Light: 80% of natural outside light+160umol/m2/s at shoot level 6h/d
Temperature: local:10-23degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 80-90%
EU: France
SE/SD pers comm.
362 Koch, K.E., P. Jones, W.T. Avigne, and L.H. Allen Jr., 1986
GC
Light: 85% of incident light of outside
Temperature: 31/23degC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added (Peter's)
NA: Florida
SE/SD pers comm
468 Mousseau, M., 1993
OTC
Temperature: 35-10/22-5degC
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added
EU: France
N(#) of mass assumed as in T1 pap 471
470 Mousseau, M., and H.Z. Enoch, 1989
OTC
Temperature: local+max4degC
Watering regime: WW/drip
nutrients added/yr
EU: France
502 Norby, R.J., C.A. Gunderson, S.D. Wullschleger, E.G. O'Neill, and
M.K. McCrackenr, 1992
OTC
soils potentially NP deficient
NA: 35.9degN 84.4degW
note on drought and nutrient deficiency
503 Norby, R.J., E.G. O'Neill, W.G. Hood, and R.J. Luxmoore, 1987
GC
Light: 540 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 25/7degC
Watering regime: W Humidity: 65%
soils potentially NP deficient
NA: Tennessee
potential soil nutrient deficient
504 Norby, R.J., E.G. O'Neill, and R.J. Luxmoore, 1986
GC
Light: 660 umol/m2/s at top of canopy Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 25/15degC
Watering regime: WW/drip Humidity: 65%
soils potentially NP deficient
NA: Tennessee
SE/SD for F1,T1,T2: e-mail; soil potentially nutrient deficient
505 Norby, R.J., and E.G. O'Neill, 1989
GH
Light: 580 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 26/10degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 65/95%
NPK treatment: 0 NPK vs 5,1.5,1.9mg N,P,K/pot/wk
NA: Tennessee
SE/SD: e-mail
506 Norby, R.J., and E.G. O'Neill,1991
GC
Light: 600 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 26/12deg
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 70/90%
nutrients: 20.0.4.5,16.5 mg NPK+/wk ; later 2*wk
NA: Tennessee
N(#) from author
510 O'Neill, E.G., R.J. Luxmoore, and R.J. Norby, 1987
GC
Light: 450 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 26/10degC
Watering regime: WW
no nutrients added
NA: Tennessee
521 Overdieck, D., 1990
GC
Watering regime: W as precip
soils of average fertility
EU: Germany: 52degN 8degE
550 Pettersson, R., and A.J.S. McDonald, 1992
GC
Light: 600 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 18h
Temperature: 20degC
hydroponics Humidity: 45%
nutrient solution
EU: Sweden
N(#) 2-5: pers comm for gas exchange; as T1 for other measures
553 Polle, A., T. Pfirrmann, S. Chakrabarti, and H. Rennenberg, 1993
GC
controlled as for local environment
Watering regime: WW:drip acidic mists
Ozone Treatment: 0.02 vs 0.08 cm3/m3: 24hrs/d like higher elevations
EU: Germany:Bavaria
582 Reekie, E.G., and F.A. Bazzaz, 1989
GH
Light: local with 1000-1200 umol/m2/s max levels
Temperature: local 30/27degC
Watering regime: WW
monthly Peter's fertilization(20:20:20)
Plant competition of tropical plants
NA: Massachusetts
596 Rochefort, L., and F.A. Bazzaz, 1992
GH
Light: 900 umol/m2/s clear days
Temperature: 28/20degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 73%
nutrients added each 2 weeks
NA: Massachusetts
644 Sharkey, T.D., F. Loreto, and C.F. Delwiche, 1991
GH
Light: 300-500 umol/m2/s (gas measurements at 900 umol/m2/s)
Photoperiod: 15h
Temperature: 25/20degC Humidity: 70%/85%
NA: Wisconsin
Partly a shading and isoprene emission experiment
655 Sionit, N., B.R. Strain, H. Hellmers, G.H. Riechers, and C.H. Jaeger,
1985
GH
Temperature: night temp controlled
Watering regime: WW/drip Humidity: 70%
nutrients (Hoagland 1/15 strength daily
NA: North Carolina
666 Stewart, J.D., and J. Hoddinott, 1993
GH
Light: 600 umol/m2/s as maximum Photoperiod: 18h
Temperature: 15-32degC (local)
Watering regime: WW:2*wk
nutrients 1/wk
UVB Treatment: 0.005-0.03 vs 0.25-0.90 W/m2
NA: Canada: Alberta
676 Surano, K.A., P.F. Daley, J.L.J. Houpis, J.H. Shinn, J.A. Helms,
R.J. Palassou, and M.P. Costella, 1986
OTC
Light: 80-90% from outside
Temperature: local+upto5degC
Watering regime: WW:3*wk+ Humidity: down to 10%
nutrients added/month: NPK + 2.2,1.8,1.3 g/pot/month
NA: California
682 Thomas, R.B., D.D. Richter, H. Ye, P.R. Heine, and B.R. Strain, 1991i
GC
Light: 1000 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 29/23degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 70%
nutrients added daily with/without N
N Treatment: 0 vs 7.0 mM NH4NO3-N
NA: South Carolina
Seeds inocculated with Rhizobium
745 Wullschleger, S.D., R.J. Norby, and D.L. Hendrix, 1992
OTC
gas exchange measures at 1300 umol/m2/s
NA: 35.9degN 84.4degW
Precip 169 cm at study site compared to 139 cm as 30 yr average
746 Wullschleger, S.D., R.J. Norby, and C.A. Gunderson, 1992
OTC
NA: 35.9degN 84.4degW
747 Wullschleger, S.D., and R.J. Norby, 1992
OTC
NA: 35.9degN 84.4degW
756 Ziska, L.H., K.P. Hogan, A.P. Smith, and B.G. Drake, 1991
OTC
Light: 740 umol/m2/s average; 1200umol/m2/s max Photoperiod: 10h
Temperature: 36.5/21.2degC
Watering regime: WW 2*day Humidity: 60%/85%
nutrients added (Osmocote)
CA: 83.9degN 9.2degW
Values differ slightly from Table: pers comm
2002 Gorissen, A., P.J. Kuikman, and H. Van De Beek, 1995
GC
Light: 400 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 16h
Temperature: 18/14degC
Watering regime: W Humidity: 70-80%
EU: 52.2degN 5.8degE
2003 Mortensen, L.M., 1995
GC
Light: 18 mol/m2/day for temp treatment
Light: 22 mol/m2/day for Ozone treatment Photoperiod: 24h
Temperature: 17.3degC=control
Watering regime: WW
nutrients added
2 Treatments: Ozone: 7 vs 62 nmol/mol for 8 hrs
Temperature: 15.3 vs 20 degC
EU: 60.8degN 11.5degE
2004 Wullschleger, S.D., R.J. Norby, and P.J. Hanson, 1995
OTC
NA: 35.9degN 84.4degW
Pisolithus tinctorius mycorrhizal inoculum; stem respiration
2005 Teskey, R.O., 1995
BRANCH
Light: 1200 umol/m2/s for gas exchange measurements
Watering regime: irrigated
NA: Georgia: 33.9degN 82.3degW
2026 Callaway, R.M., E.H. DeLucia, E.M. Thomas, and W.H. Schlesinger, 1994
GC
Light: 1000 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 12h
Temperature Treatment: 25/10degC vs 30/25degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 45%i during day
nutrients 1/2 strength Hoagland
NA: Nevada
2027 Pettersson, R., A.J.S. McDonald, and I. Stadenberg, 1993
GC
Light: 600 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 18h
Temperature: 20degC
Hydroponic Humidity: 50%
nutrient solution
N Treatment: 0.07 vs 0.15 molN/molN/d
EU: Sweden
2028 Lavola, A., and R. Julkunen-Tiitto, 1994
GH
Light: local -- 1137-175 umol/m2/s
Temperature: 22/15degC
NKP Treatment: 0 vs 500 kg/ha
EU: Finland
2032 Tschaplinski, T.J., R.J. Norby, and S.D. Wullschleger, 1993
GC
Light: 720 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 14h
Temperature: 26/16degC
H2O Treatment: weekly vs biweekly watering Humidity: 85-90%
fertilized/month (Peter's NPK 20:20:20)
NA: Tennessee
2035 Gunderson, C.A., R.J. Norby, and S.D. Wullschleger, 1993
OTC
Light: 1100-2300 umol/m2/s for gas exchange measurements
Temperature: local
Watering regime: precip
NA: 35.9degN 84.4degW
2036 Grulke, N.E., J.L. Hom, and S.W. Roberts, 1993
GC
Light: 713 umol/m2/s at canopy height Photoperiod: 12hr later 14h
Temperature: 25/19degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 46-57%/81%
fertilized weekly
NA: California
2037 Bazzaz, F.A., S.L. Miao, and P.M. Wayne, 1993
GH
Light: 37% and 75 % of full sun
Temperature: 30/23degC
2 Treatments: Light: 37% and 75% of full sun
Fertilizer: 0.18 and 1.8 g Oscomote
NA: Massachusetts
2038 Roth, S.K., and R.L. Lindroth, 1994
GC
Light: 501 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 15h
Temperature: 25/20degC
Watering regime: WW/drip Humidity: 70/85%
fertilized 1/2 strength Hoagland 2*per day
NA: Wisconsin
2039 Curtis, P.S., C.S. Vogel, K.S. Pregitzer, D.R. Zak, and J.A. Teeri, 1995
OTC
Light: gas exchange measures at 1800 umol/m2/s
Temperature: local
Watering regime: WW
Soil Treatment: 45 vs 346 ug N/g/d N mineralization in soils
64 vs 110 mg extractable PO4/kg soil
NA: N-Michigan
2041 Garcia, R.L., S.B. Idso, G.W. Wall, and B.A. Kimball, 1994
OTC
Watering regime: WW
fertilized
NA: Arizona
2042 Sullivan, J.H., and A.H. Teramura, 1994
GH
Light: ~80-85% of outdoors
Temperature: 27/23degC
Watering regime: WW/daily
fertilized 1/2 strength Hoagland
UVB Treatment: 8 hrs daily 8.8 vs 13.8 kJ/m2
NA: Maryland
SE for T1 SE for F1 (e-mail)
2043 Cipollini, M.L., B.G. Drake, and D. Whigham, 1993
OTC
Light: 10-100-occasionally 1000 umol/m2/min
NA: Maryland
2044 Tissue, D.T., R.B. Thomas, and B.R. Strain, 1993
OTC
Watering regime: precip
1/2 strength Hoagland 2*week
2 Treatments: High NP:7mol/m2 NH4NO3+1mol/m3 PO4;
low P:same N+0.2mol/m3P;
lowN:1mol/m3NH4NO3+1mol/m3PO4
NA: North Carolina
N(#) in T1 does not match text
2045 Johnsen, K.H., 1993
GC
Light: 450 umol/m2/s at bench height Photoperiod: 19h
Temperature: 20/15degC
watering treatment Humidity: 70/90%
treatment within 1/3 strength Ingestad
2 Treatments:
WW vs drought cycles (fertilized with 8ml 300 ppmN: Ingestad);
Fertilization: 6ml/wk then 12 ml after 71 days vs 12ml,
18 ml, 24 ml, 32 ml after day 1, 42, 71 and 104
NA: Canada: Ontario
2046 Reid, C.D., and B.R. Strain, 1994
GC
Light: 65 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 12h
Temperature: 19/15degC
Watering regime: WW daily
1/4 strength Hoagland
NA: North Carolina
2047 Eamus, D., C.A. Berryman, and G.A. Duff, 1993
OTC
Light: ambient local
Temperature: local-upto 1.5degC
AU
2048 Yakimchuk, R., and J. Hoddinott, 1994
GC
Light: 150 umol/m2/s+2hrs 40 umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 18h
Temperature: 20/18degC
Watering regime: WW Humidity: 65%
fertilized weekly
Ozone treatment: 1.1 uW/cm2 vs 150 uW/cm2 8hrs/day
NA: Canada: Alberta
potsize: pers. com.
2065 Liu, S., and R.O. Teskey, 1995
BRANCH
Light: gas exchange at 1000-2000 umol/m2/s
Temperature: 16.5degC
Watering regime: W+precip
low to medium soil fertility
NA: 33.9degN 83.3degW
mature trees, low fertility site
2068 Wang, K., S. Kellomaki, and K. Laitinen, 1995
OTC
Temperature treatment: ambient vs hot=amb+2degC in summer,amb+5-20degC
Watering regime: W+precip
sandy soil
EU: 62.8degN 30.9degE
chamber around coniferous saplings; elevated CO2 only during daytime
2069 Marek, M.V., J. Kalina, and M. Matouskova, 1995
OTC
native Coniferous
EU: 49.5degN 18.5degW
native coniferous; elevated CO2 level is saturating level
2070 Eamus, D., G.A. Duff, and C.A. Berryman, 1995
SPAR
Light: 68% of full
Temperature: local minus upto 3degC
Watering regime: WW/drip
Osmocote in soils
AU
2071 Eamus, D., C.A. Berryman, and G.A. Duff, 1995
SPAR
Light: 66% of full
Temperature: local minus upto 3degC
Watering regime: WW 2*day
fertilized each 2 weeks
AU
2109 Johnson, D., D. Geisinger, R. Walker, J. Newman, J. Vose, K. Elliot,
and T. Ball, 1994
OTC
Watering regime: WW
N treatment: 0 vs 20 g/m2/yr ammonium sulfate
NA: California
SE vs SD estimates F5; chamber description in Ball et al (1992)
2110 Pregitzer, K.S., D.R. Zak, P.S. Curtis, M.E. Kubiske, J.A. Teeri,
and C.S. Vogel, 1995
OTC
Watering regime: WW
Soil treatment: 45 vs 348 ug N/g/d N mineralization in soils;
64 vs 110 mg extractable PO4/kg soil
NA: N-Michigan
2117 Mortensen, L.M., 1994
GC
Light treatment: 15 mol/m2/d then 22 mol/m2/d for birch,
21 mol/m2/d for spruce
Photoperiod: 24h
Temperature Treatment: 15.3 vs 20.0 degC
Watering regime: WW 600 vs 1000 Pa as wvpd at 15.3 vs 20degC
fertilized, see Mortensen, 1994
EU: Norway
2120 Laboratorium Voor Plantecologie 1992
GC
Light: 270umol/m2/s Photoperiod: 16h
Temperature: 22/17.5degC
Watering regime: WW/drip Humidity: 65%
fertilized at optimal levels
EU: Belgium
2121 Kubiske, M.E., and K.S. Pregitzer, 1994
OTC
Light Treatment: low and high; understory imitation
NA: N-Michigan
2122 Vogel, C.S., and P.S. Curtis, 1995
OTC
Temperature: local+2.6degC
fertilized with 4.5 g/m2 N
NA: 45.6degN 84.7degW
nodule inoculations
2123 Jarvis, P.G., H.S.J. Lee, and C.V.M. Barton, 1994
OTC
Light and temperature not reported for growth
EU: Scotland
N(#) pers comm for T2
2129 Curtis, P.S., D.R. Zak, K.S. Pregitzer, and J.A. Teeri, 1994
OTC
Temperature: local+3degC
Watering regime: precip+W
All rootboxes received 4.5 g/m2 N; similar to natural dry oak forest
NA: N-Michigan
2131 Norby, R.J., Wullschleger, and C.A. Gunderson, 1996
OTC
NA: Tennessee
Sample size and SD from pers comm.
2152 Williams, R.S., D.E. Lincolm, and R.B. Thomas, 1994
OTC
Watering regime: precip+W
modified Hoagland 7mmol NH4NO3+1mmolPO4 /wk
NA: North Carolina
2165 Lewis, J.D., R.B. Thomas, and B.R. Strain, 1994
GH
Temperature: 28/17 - 28/22degC
Watering regime: WW
1/2 strength Hoagland/wk; P Treatment: 0.083mM KH2PO4 vs 0.5mM KH2PO4:
P stress
NA: North Carolina
inocculation Pisolithus tinctorius vs not
2186 Bassow, S.L., K.D.M. McConnaughay, and F.A. Bazzaz, 1994
GH
Light: natural+supplement when light<500umol/m2/s i
Photoperiod local: 6-19h
Temperature: 28/22degC
Fertilizer Treatment: 0.12 vs 1.2 g Osmocote > N input of
40 vs 400 kg N/ha/yr; 3 mo after initial Osmocote weekly 200 ml Peter's solution (20:20:20) at
0.042 v s 0.42 g/l/wk
NA: Massachusetts
N(#) F1: pers. comm
2217 Berryman, C.A., D. Eamus, and G.A. Duff, 1993
OTC
Light: 65% of full
Temperature: 29.7degC
Watering regime: WW:3*day
nutrients added; also 5 g low P Osmocote
AU
2223 Bazzaz, F.A., and S.L. Miao, 1993
GH
Light treatment: full gap light vs 37% thereof
Temperature: 27/20 > 30/23degC
Watering regime: WW
nutrient treatment: N equivalents of 40 vs 400 kg N/ha/yr i.e.
0.18 vs 1.8 g Osmocote/pot
NA: Massachusetts
2224 Lindroth, R.L., K.K. Kinney, and C.L. Platz, 1993
GH
Light: 490 mol/m2/s 70cm above pots Photoperiod: 15h
Temperature: 25/20degC
Watering regime: WW/drip Humidity: 70/80%
1/2 strength Hoagland
NA: Wisconsin
native mycorrhiza in soil