Ecological Archives A025-137-A1

Denise M. Finney, Sara E. Eckert, and Jason P. Kaye. 2015. Drivers of nitrogen dynamics in ecologically based agriculture revealed by long-term, high-frequency field measurements. Ecological Applications 25:2210–2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1357.1

Appendix A. Supplementary results: cash and cover crop productivity and nitrogen content in four organic feed grain and cropping systems in central Pennsylvania.

Table A1. System average aboveground biomass and biomass nitrogen of cash and cover crops in four organic feed grain and cropping systems at Rock Springs, Pennsylvania, USA. Standard errors are in parentheses (n = 4).

Start 1

Start 2

System

Year

Crop

Biomass
(kg/ha)

Biomass N (kg/ha)

Biomass
(kg/ha)

Biomass N (kg/ha)

1

0

Rye & hairy vetch fall growth

1320

 

40

 

519

 

16

 

1

1

Rye & hairy vetch

5620

(320)

173

(9)

5219

(156)

106

(1)

1

1

Mustard cutting 1

2389

(290)

59

(6)

3457

(225)

68

(9)

1

1

Mustard cutting 2

 

 

 

 

2063

(93)

32

(1)

1

1

Buckwheat

1180

(73)

40

(2)

2806

(95)

69

(3)

1

1

Oat fall growth

1610

 

32

 

764

 

15

 

1

2

Alfalfa cutting 1*

2439

(88)

42

(1)

4523

(311)

101

(7)

1

2

Alfalfa cutting 2*

1208

(62)

54

(4)

 

 

 

 

1

2

Alfalfa fall growth

2116

 

87

 

1550

 

69

 

1

3

Alfalfa cutting 1*

6374

(668)

262

(32)

3848

(255)

171

(11)

1

3

Alfalfa cutting 2*

4147

(267)

164

(9)

2379

(278)

84

(9)

1

3

Alfalfa cutting 3*

1925

(184)

98

(9)

2888

(128)

122

(6)

1

3

Alfalfa fall growth

621

 

31

 

316

 

16

 

1

4

Alfalfa

3653

(290)

183

(20)

1862

(62)

93

(3)

1

4

Soybeans*

6159

(138)

216

(6)

6252

(710)

207

(31)

2

0

Rye & hairy vetch fall growth

1320

 

40

 

519

 

16

 

2

1

Rye & hairy vetch cutting 1

6166

(394)

169

(6)

6580

(289)

127

(5)

2

1

Rye & hairy vetch cutting 2

 

 

 

 

1106

(153)

38

(5)

2

1

Sudangrass*

10897

(1861)

196

(43)

5575

(208)

95

(6)

2

1

Sudangrass stubble

384

(66)

7

(2)

495

(51)

6

(0)

2

2

Alfalfa & orchardgrass cutting 1*

2259

(228)

42

(4)

4884

(123)

121

(3)

2

2

Alfalfa & orchardgrass cutting 2*

1521

(83)

70

(2)

 

 

 

 

2

2

Alfalfa & orchardgrass fall grow.

1761

 

52

 

1603

 

48

 

2

3

Alfalfa & orchardgrass cutting 1*

6339

(656)

188

(12)

5100

(508)

153

(25)

2

3

Alfalfa & orchardgrass cutting 2*

3052

(251)

117

(6)

1925

(200)

65

(8)

2

3

Alfalfa & orchardgrass cutting 3*

1613

(133)

77

(4)

2995

(128)

105

(9)

2

3

Alfalfa & orchardgrass fall grow.

435

 

18

 

298

 

11

 

2

4

Alfalfa & orchard grass

2718

(216)

112

(6)

1862

(77)

68

(3)

2

4

Soybeans*

6367

(292)

221

(12)

6365

(179)

205

(21)

3

0

Rye & hairy vetch fall growth

1320

 

40

 

519

 

16

 

3

1

Rye & hairy vetch cutting 1

7048

(335)

145

(9)

7266

(239)

112

(4)

3

1

Rye & hairy vetch cutting 2

2024

(173)

81

(4)

3205

(253)

133

(19)

3

1

Rye fall growth

497

 

10

 

764

 

15

 

3

2

Rye*

10020

(1427)

140

(28)

10698

(464)

124

(17)

3

2

Rye stubble

3770

(352)

55

(7)

1345

(226)

37

(5)

3

2

Triticale & hairy vetch fall growth

900

 

27

 

789

 

24

 

3

3

Triticale & hairy vetch

8969

(783)

215

(16)

5469

(413)

157

(7)

3

3

Corn grain*

6464

(855)

70

(9)

3770

(419)

54

(6)

3

3

Corn stover

5317

(530)

32

(2)

3479

(375)

30

(4)

3

4

Soybeans

5103

(360)

184

(15)

3225

(695)

98

(21)

4

0

Rye & hairy vetch fall growth

1320

 

40

 

519

 

16

 

4

1

Rye & hairy vetch

9335

(278)

196

(30)

13355

(711)

131

(9)

4

1

Buckwheat

1275

(190)

40

(5)

1433

(140)

39

(4)

4

1

Rye & hairy vetch fall growth

497

 

15

 

1192

 

36

 

4

2

Rye & hairy vetch regrowth

8658

(481)

109

(6)

5623

(714)

77

(7)

4

2

Rye fall growth

1087

 

28

 

773

 

30

 

4

3

Rye

1078

(224)

28

(7)

773

(95)

30

(3)

4

3

Corn grain*

8045

(648)

119

(11)

4990

(473)

69

(6)

4

3

Corn stover

6804

(515)

67

(4)

4393

(541)

39

(2)

4

4

Soybeans

6677

(323)

233

(10)

2586

(90)

88

(2)

Crops marked with an asterisk (*) were harvested as cash crops.

Biomass and biomass N values in italics are estimates (see main text Materials and Methods).

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