Ecological Archives A025-088-A1
Chi Xu, Milena Holmgren, Egbert H. Van Nes, Fernando T. Maestre, Santiago Soliveres, Miguel Berdugo, Sonia Kéfi, Pablo A. Marquet, Sebastian Abades, and Marten Scheffer. 2015. Can we infer plant facilitation from remote sensing? A test across global drylands. Ecological Applications 25:1456–1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-2358.1
Appendix A. Supplementary information on the study sites and Google EarthTM images.
Table A1. Mean annual precipitation data were obtained from WorldClim (www.worldclim.org; Hijmans et al. 2005). Annual aridity index (mean annual precipitation/mean annual potential evapotranspiration) data were obtained from CGIAR-CGSI website (http://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/global-aridity-and-pet-database). Soil types are named following the FAO classification (FAO et al. 1998).
Country |
Geographic location (longitude/latitude) |
Mean annual |
Aridity index |
Soil type |
Vegetation type |
Species richness |
Plant co-occurrence measured in situ |
Sensor of Google EarthTM image |
Image resolution(m) |
Accuracy of image classification (%) |
|
Argentina |
63.934°W |
38.991°S |
363 |
0.2678 |
Eutric Fluvisols |
Shrubland |
27 |
- |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Argentina |
68.152°W |
31.704°S |
130 |
0.0827 |
Haplic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
3 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
91 |
Australia |
142.550°E |
34.223°S |
317 |
0.2180 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
18 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Australia |
142.557°E |
34.204°S |
318 |
0.2181 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
23 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Australia |
142.482°E |
34.248°S |
312 |
0.2141 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
18 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Australia |
142.544°E |
34.109°S |
315 |
0.2164 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
15 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Australia |
142.418°E |
34.199°S |
310 |
0.2134 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
17 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Australia |
142.460°E |
33.960°S |
312 |
0.2132 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
12 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Australia |
142.568°E |
34.106°S |
317 |
0.2174 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
16 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Australia |
142.462°E |
33.964°S |
312 |
0.2132 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Open woodland |
14 |
Y |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
92 |
Brasil |
42.737°W |
11.125°S |
644 |
0.3321 |
Ferric Luvisols |
Shrubland |
23 |
- |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Chile |
71.234°W |
32.463°S |
305 |
0.2238 |
Eutric Fluvisols |
Shrubland |
5 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
90 |
Chile |
70.903°W |
33.270°S |
395 |
0.2911 |
Chromic uvisols |
Shrubland |
6 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
92 |
Chile |
71.364°W |
33.119°S |
488 |
0.3983 |
Chromic Luvisols |
Shrubland |
4 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
90 |
Chile |
71.370°W |
32.486°S |
344 |
0.2636 |
Eutric Regosols |
Shrubland |
11 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
91 |
Chile |
71.346°W |
34.107°S |
442 |
0.3286 |
Eutric Fluvisols |
Shrubland |
7 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
91 |
Chile |
71.251°W |
29.750°S |
79 |
0.0761 |
Eutric Fluvisols |
Shrubland |
12 |
Y |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
90 |
Chile |
71.585°W |
31.200°S |
177 |
0.1541 |
Chromic Luvisols |
Shrubland |
14 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Kenya |
37.530°E |
0.575°N |
498 |
0.2564 |
Orthic Solonchaks |
Open woodland |
13 |
- |
WorldView-1 |
0.5 |
90 |
Mexico |
99.656°W |
22.247°N |
475 |
0.2746 |
Luvic Kastanozems |
Shrubland |
33 |
- |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Mexico |
99.895°W |
22.648°N |
571 |
0.3211 |
Lithosols |
Shrubland |
21 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
90 |
Mexico |
101.055°W |
23.255°N |
371 |
0.2284 |
Calcic Kastanozems |
Shrubland |
6 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
91 |
Morocco |
2.373°W |
34.159°N |
294 |
0.2279 |
Xerosols |
Grassland |
11 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Morocco |
2.193°W |
34.431°N |
321 |
0.2519 |
Chromic Luvisols |
Grassland |
11 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Morocco |
3.374°W |
33.977°N |
265 |
0.1996 |
Xerosols |
Grassland |
7 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Morocco |
3.639°W |
34.473°N |
401 |
0.3154 |
Chromic Luvisols |
Grassland |
7 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Morocco |
1.999°W |
34.310°N |
377 |
0.2946 |
Chromic Luvisols |
Grassland |
18 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Morocco |
3.414°W |
34.633°N |
339 |
0.2707 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Grassland |
16 |
Y |
WorldView-1 |
0.5 |
91 |
Morocco |
3.465°E |
34.626°N |
385 |
0.3109 |
Calcic Xerosols |
Grassland |
11 |
Y |
WorldView-1 |
0.5 |
91 |
Peru |
71.014°W |
16.434°S |
417 |
0.4170 |
Lithosols |
Grassland |
6 |
Y |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
90 |
Spain |
2.230°W |
39.049°N |
415 |
0.3510 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
17 |
Y |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Spain |
3.424°W |
40.327°N |
439 |
0.3912 |
Eutric Fluvisols |
Grassland |
8 |
Y |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
92 |
Spain |
3.427°W |
40.320°N |
436 |
0.3875 |
Eutric Fluvisols |
Grassland |
12 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Spain |
3.133°W |
40.143°N |
417 |
0.3610 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
10 |
- |
WorldView-2 |
0.46 |
90 |
Spain |
3.623°W |
39.993°N |
412 |
0.3551 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
10 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Spain |
3.619°W |
39.992°N |
412 |
0.3551 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
7 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Spain |
3.623°W |
39.990°N |
409 |
0.3519 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
10 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Spain |
2.514°W |
39.209°N |
426 |
0.3588 |
Gleyic Cambisols |
Grassland |
16 |
- |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Spain |
2.515°W |
39.208°N |
422 |
0.3554 |
Gleyic Cambisols |
Grassland |
15 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Spain |
1.204°W |
38.588°N |
454 |
0.3984 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
39 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Spain |
1.199°W |
38.589°N |
444 |
0.3942 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Grassland |
27 |
- |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Spain |
1.718°W |
38.792°N |
422 |
0.3624 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
15 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Spain |
2.788°W |
39.877°N |
458 |
0.4063 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
15 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Spain |
0.755°W |
38.310°N |
353 |
0.2905 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
22 |
Y |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
91 |
Spain |
2.258°W |
39.038°N |
423 |
0.3565 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
9 |
- |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Spain |
2.663°W |
39.010°N |
468 |
0.4022 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
13 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Spain |
3.389°W |
40.369°N |
453 |
0.4079 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
11 |
Y |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Spain |
1.802°W |
39.539°N |
466 |
0.4149 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
22 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Spain |
2.345°W |
39.128°N |
420 |
0.3547 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
7 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Spain |
1.020°W |
38.765°N |
457 |
0.4132 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
22 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Spain |
2.838°W |
39.001°N |
467 |
0.3930 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
11 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
92 |
Spain |
2.572°W |
39.053°N |
446 |
0.3776 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
12 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
91 |
Spain |
2.544°W |
39.862°N |
479 |
0.4161 |
Calcic Cambisols |
Shrubland |
19 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Tunisia |
9.647°E |
34.494°N |
177 |
0.1249 |
Lithosols |
Grassland |
10 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Tunisia |
9.718°E |
34.956°N |
233 |
0.1683 |
Lithosols |
Grassland |
4 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Tunisia |
10.499°E |
32.983°N |
141 |
0.0963 |
Lithosols |
Grassland |
6 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
Tunisia |
10.026°E |
33.762°N |
171 |
0.1309 |
Gipsy Yermosols |
Grassland |
18 |
Y |
GeoEye-1 |
0.41 |
90 |
USA |
109.710°W |
38.174°N |
244 |
0.1860 |
Calcaric Regosols |
Shrubland |
11 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
92 |
USA |
112.022°W |
37.507°N |
257 |
0.2028 |
Calcic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
10 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
92 |
USA |
111.857°W |
36.685°N |
184 |
0.1370 |
Luvic Kastanozems |
Shrubland |
9 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
USA |
115.808°W |
33.747°N |
203 |
0.1297 |
Luvic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
10 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
92 |
USA |
115.810°W |
33.748°N |
193 |
0.1235 |
Luvic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
8 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
92 |
USA |
115.796°W |
33.754°N |
207 |
0.1348 |
Luvic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
11 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
USA |
115.806°W |
33.749°N |
203 |
0.1297 |
Luvic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
9 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
USA |
115.812°W |
33.751°N |
197 |
0.1266 |
Luvic Yermosols |
Shrubland |
8 |
- |
aerial photo |
~0.20 |
93 |
Literature cited
FAO, ISRIC, and ISSS. 1998. World reference base of soil resources. Rome.
Hijmans, R. J., S. E. Cameron, J. L. Parra, P. G. Jones, and A. Jarvis. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25:1965–1978.