Ecological Archives A025-009-A5
Alexandre Robert, Stéphane Chantepie, Samuel Pavard, François Sarrazin, and Céline Teplitsky. 2015. Actuarial senescence can increase the risk of extinction of mammal populations. Ecological Applications 25:116–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0221.1
Appendix E. Basic demographic properties and viability metrics inferred from deterministic and stochastic population dynamics models.
Basic demographic properties and viability metrics inferred from deterministic and stochastic population dynamics models.
λ: deterministic annual growth rate; R0: deterministic growth rate per generation; T: generation time; Text: median time to extinction; Status: conservation status based on criterion E of the IUCN classification of threatened species (LC=Least concern ; V=Vulnerable ; E=Endangered ; CR=Critically Endangered). Text and Status were computed for a population of 250 mature individuals.
A.Null Model
Scientific name |
λ |
R0 |
T |
Text |
Status |
Pipistrellus pipistrellus |
1.06 |
1.22 |
3.36 |
176 |
VU |
Pipistrellus subflavus |
0.92 |
0.83 |
2.13 |
22 |
EN |
Myotis lucifugus |
0.95 |
0.80 |
3.95 |
36 |
VU |
Plecotus auritus |
1.29 |
2.04 |
2.76 |
475 |
VU |
Peromyscus leucopus |
21.69 |
2.68 |
0.32 |
214 |
EN |
Blarina brevicauda |
8.11 |
1.64 |
0.24 |
174 |
EN |
Myodes glareolus |
5.34 |
1.49 |
0.24 |
211 |
EN |
Zapus princeps |
1.13 |
1.35 |
2.38 |
196 |
VU |
Apodemus flavicollis |
4.30 |
1.49 |
0.27 |
154 |
EN |
Desmodus rotundus |
1.11 |
1.59 |
3.80 |
371 |
VU |
Talpa europaea |
1.32 |
1.42 |
1.24 |
258 |
VU |
Tamias striatus |
4.00 |
2.91 |
0.77 |
225 |
VU |
Spermophilus lateralis |
1.06 |
1.31 |
4.45 |
1695 |
VU |
Ochotona princeps |
1.08 |
1.23 |
2.67 |
142 |
VU |
Tupaia glis |
1.07 |
1.08 |
1.25 |
138 |
VU |
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus |
1.78 |
2.34 |
1.48 |
174 |
VU |
Spermophilus beldingi |
1.63 |
2.06 |
1.48 |
156 |
VU |
Spermophilus armatus |
1.11 |
1.15 |
1.40 |
37 |
EN |
Spermophilus dauricus |
1.34 |
1.90 |
2.19 |
331 |
VU |
Rattus norvegicus |
0.38 |
0.74 |
0.30 |
12 |
CR |
Mustela erminea |
2.66 |
1.71 |
0.55 |
287 |
VU |
Spermophilus columbianus |
1.06 |
1.15 |
2.36 |
80 |
VU |
Sciurus carolinensis |
1.52 |
2.01 |
1.66 |
189 |
VU |
Sylvilagus floridanus |
6.75 |
2.32 |
0.44 |
142 |
EN |
Martes zibellina |
0.99 |
0.97 |
3.59 |
50 |
VU |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus |
1.46 |
1.86 |
1.65 |
125 |
VU |
Marmota flaviventris |
1.11 |
1.46 |
3.47 |
448 |
VU |
Vulpes vulpes |
1.89 |
2.78 |
1.60 |
198 |
VU |
Lynx rufus |
1.77 |
2.69 |
1.74 |
250 |
VU |
Taxidea taxus |
1.14 |
1.22 |
1.56 |
155 |
VU |
Propithecus diadema |
0.97 |
0.69 |
14.05 |
101 |
VU |
Capreolus capreolus |
1.20 |
1.61 |
2.58 |
340 |
VU |
Rupicapra rupicapra |
1.28 |
3.24 |
4.73 |
1831 |
LC |
Pongo abelii |
1.01 |
1.68 |
46.06 |
12423 |
LC |
Pan troglodytes |
1.01 |
1.29 |
28.00 |
2715 |
LC |
Callorhinus ursinus |
1.09 |
2.01 |
8.15 |
2425 |
LC |
Puma concolor |
1.04 |
1.27 |
6.13 |
540 |
LC |
Aepyceros melampus |
1.01 |
1.06 |
3.95 |
69 |
VU |
Hemitragus jemlahicus |
1.10 |
1.60 |
5.06 |
1053 |
LC |
Ovis dalli |
1.17 |
2.26 |
5.22 |
1699 |
LC |
Odocoileus hemionus |
1.23 |
2.03 |
3.48 |
626 |
VU |
Ursus americanus |
0.98 |
0.84 |
10.28 |
101 |
VU |
Phacochoerus aethiopicus |
1.17 |
1.80 |
3.44 |
312 |
VU |
Damaliscus lunatus |
0.85 |
0.43 |
6.15 |
28 |
EN |
Ursus arctos horribilis |
1.02 |
1.16 |
8.44 |
299 |
LC |
Rangifer tarandus |
1.21 |
2.43 |
4.74 |
1664 |
LC |
Connochaetes taurinus |
1.09 |
1.73 |
6.49 |
1794 |
LC |
Tursiops truncatus |
1.04 |
2.17 |
17.65 |
4429 |
LC |
Kobus defassa |
1.10 |
1.73 |
5.87 |
1334 |
LC |
Sus scrofa |
2.74 |
5.89 |
1.34 |
214 |
VU |
Cervus elaphus |
1.19 |
3.09 |
6.62 |
2796 |
LC |
Equus burchelli boehmi |
1.07 |
2.01 |
9.89 |
2571 |
LC |
Eumetopias jubatus |
1.04 |
1.46 |
10.27 |
1574 |
LC |
Alces alces |
0.99 |
0.96 |
6.18 |
82 |
VU |
Equus caballus |
1.21 |
6.25 |
9.48 |
8367 |
LC |
Syncerus caffer |
0.94 |
0.41 |
14.40 |
61 |
EN |
Mirounga leonina |
0.93 |
0.41 |
12.72 |
54 |
EN |
Hippopotamus amphibius |
1.09 |
4.64 |
18.12 |
15215 |
LC |
B. Model with actuarial senescence
Scientific name |
λ |
R0 |
T |
Text |
Status |
Pipistrellus pipistrellus |
1.01 |
1.02 |
2.68 |
47 |
VU |
Pipistrellus subflavus |
0.88 |
0.79 |
1.91 |
19 |
EN |
Myotis lucifugus |
0.91 |
0.73 |
3.18 |
27 |
VU |
Plecotus auritus |
1.29 |
2.00 |
2.71 |
464 |
VU |
Peromyscus leucopus |
21.55 |
2.66 |
0.32 |
212 |
EN |
Blarina brevicauda |
8.03 |
1.63 |
0.23 |
163 |
EN |
Myodes glareolus |
5.26 |
1.48 |
0.23 |
197 |
EN |
Zapus princeps |
1.10 |
1.22 |
2.15 |
135 |
VU |
Apodemus flavicollis |
4.21 |
1.47 |
0.27 |
144 |
EN |
Desmodus rotundus |
1.10 |
1.46 |
3.55 |
313 |
VU |
Talpa europaea |
1.29 |
1.35 |
1.17 |
218 |
VU |
Tamias striatus |
4.00 |
2.89 |
0.77 |
228 |
VU |
Spermophilus lateralis |
1.01 |
1.02 |
3.54 |
302 |
VU |
Ochotona princeps |
1.04 |
1.09 |
2.26 |
74 |
VU |
Tupaia glis |
0.80 |
0.81 |
0.90 |
38 |
CR |
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus |
1.75 |
2.23 |
1.43 |
171 |
VU |
Spermophilus beldingi |
1.62 |
2.03 |
1.47 |
162 |
VU |
Spermophilus armatus |
1.07 |
1.10 |
1.31 |
32 |
EN |
Spermophilus dauricus |
1.31 |
1.76 |
2.07 |
273 |
VU |
Rattus norvegicus |
0.38 |
0.74 |
0.30 |
12 |
CR |
Mustela erminea |
2.19 |
1.44 |
0.46 |
195 |
EN |
Spermophilus columbianus |
1.01 |
1.02 |
2.00 |
33 |
EN |
Sciurus carolinensis |
1.51 |
1.96 |
1.62 |
176 |
VU |
Sylvilagus floridanus |
6.75 |
2.31 |
0.44 |
145 |
EN |
Martes zibellina |
0.97 |
0.91 |
3.13 |
38 |
VU |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus |
1.44 |
1.80 |
1.60 |
111 |
VU |
Marmota flaviventris |
1.08 |
1.25 |
3.06 |
293 |
VU |
Vulpes vulpes |
1.87 |
2.64 |
1.55 |
185 |
VU |
Lynx rufus |
1.57 |
1.98 |
1.50 |
212 |
VU |
Taxidea taxus |
1.12 |
1.19 |
1.50 |
143 |
VU |
Propithecus diadema |
0.94 |
0.56 |
9.35 |
58 |
EN |
Capreolus capreolus |
1.18 |
1.49 |
2.37 |
294 |
VU |
Rupicapra rupicapra |
1.10 |
1.40 |
3.52 |
1002 |
LC |
Pongo abelii |
1.00 |
0.91 |
31.06 |
410 |
LC |
Pan troglodytes |
1.00 |
1.03 |
22.52 |
472 |
LC |
Callorhinus ursinus |
1.08 |
1.81 |
7.46 |
2181 |
LC |
Puma concolor |
1.01 |
1.04 |
5.02 |
133 |
VU |
Aepyceros melampus |
0.99 |
0.96 |
3.40 |
47 |
VU |
Hemitragus jemlahicus |
1.07 |
1.35 |
4.27 |
773 |
LC |
Ovis dalli |
1.15 |
1.92 |
4.65 |
1589 |
LC |
Odocoileus hemionus |
1.21 |
1.82 |
3.16 |
523 |
VU |
Ursus americanus |
0.96 |
0.70 |
7.86 |
62 |
VU |
Phacochoerus aethiopicus |
1.16 |
1.72 |
3.35 |
308 |
VU |
Damaliscus lunatus |
0.71 |
0.32 |
3.70 |
14 |
EN |
Ursus arctos horribilis |
1.00 |
0.99 |
7.18 |
114 |
VU |
Rangifer tarandus |
1.18 |
2.04 |
4.28 |
1411 |
LC |
Connochaetes taurinus |
1.07 |
1.49 |
5.85 |
1368 |
LC |
Tursiops truncatus |
1.04 |
1.69 |
15.15 |
3872 |
LC |
Kobus defassa |
1.07 |
1.40 |
4.87 |
1047 |
LC |
Sus scrofa |
2.70 |
4.51 |
1.29 |
215 |
VU |
Cervus elaphus |
1.06 |
1.36 |
5.19 |
1134 |
LC |
Equus burchelli boehmi |
1.05 |
1.54 |
8.27 |
1765 |
LC |
Eumetopias jubatus |
1.03 |
1.33 |
9.45 |
1159 |
LC |
Alces alces |
0.96 |
0.82 |
5.23 |
53 |
VU |
Equus caballus |
1.19 |
4.64 |
8.74 |
5087 |
LC |
Syncerus caffer |
0.89 |
0.36 |
9.02 |
39 |
EN |
Mirounga leonina |
0.91 |
0.39 |
9.81 |
43 |
EN |
Hippopotamus amphibius |
1.08 |
3.75 |
16.70 |
9656 |
LC |
Below are presented graphically the relationships between the extinction cost of senescence (ΔText) and the three deterministic demographic changes associated with senescence (Δλ, ΔT and ΔR0, see details in Appendix D):