Ecological Archives A025-009-A1
Alexandre Robert, Stéphane Chantepie, Samuel Pavard, François Sarrazin, and Céline Teplitsky. 2015. Actuarial senescence can increase the risk of extinction of mammal populations. Ecological Applications 25:116–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0221.1
Appendix A. Morphological, behavioral, and demographic data and references for 58 mammal species.
Table A1. Morphological, behavioral, and demographic data and references for 58 mammal species. Specific parameters used to model survivorship can be found in Lynch and Fagan (2009). AnAge refers to the Database of Animal Ageing and Longevity (de Magalhaes and Costa 2009). Parameters that were not available in AnAge were taken from the literature based on literature survey in Web of Science, with the parameter's name and the scientific name of the species of interest as keywords. When several papers were found with different estimates of the demographic parameter of interest, we used estimates based on the largest sample size. All masses obtained from Lynch and Fagan (2009).
Scientific name |
Mass (grams) |
Female maturity (days) |
Source for female maturity |
Litter size |
Source for litter size |
Number of litters per year |
Source for number of litters per year |
Mating system |
Source for mating system |
Pipistrellus pipistrellus |
6 |
456 |
AnAge database |
1.2 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
McCracken and Wilkinson 2000 |
Pipistrellus subflavus |
6 |
212 |
AnAge database |
2 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
McCracken and Wilkinson 2000 |
Myotis lucifugus |
10 |
210 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
McCracken and Wilkinson 2000 |
Plecotus auritus |
13 |
365 |
AnAge database |
1.33 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
McCracken and Wilkinson 2000 |
Peromyscus leucopus |
18 |
73 |
AnAge database |
4.5 |
AnAge database |
3.7 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
Xia and Millar 1991 |
Blarina brevicauda |
20 |
46 |
AnAge database |
6 |
AnAge database |
3 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
http://eol.org/pages/327370/details#reproduction |
Myodes glareolus |
20 |
42 |
Heikkila et al. 1993 |
5.27 |
Koivula et al. 2003 |
3 |
Koivula et al. 2003 |
polygyny |
Ratkiewicz and Borkowska 2000 |
Zapus princeps |
26 |
365 (41%); 730 (70%) |
Falk and Millar 1987 |
5.5 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
territorial |
Flinders et al. 2002 |
Apodemus flavicollis |
27 |
52 |
AnAge database |
5.5 |
AnAge database |
2.8 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska et al. 2008 |
Desmodus rotundus |
33 |
285 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
McCracken and Wilkinson 2000 |
Talpa europaea |
76 |
182 |
AnAge database |
3 |
AnAge database |
1.1 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
http://eol.org/pages/1178988/details |
Tamias striatus |
130 |
187 |
AnAge database |
5 |
AnAge database |
1.5 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Yahner 1978 |
Spermophilus lateralis |
161 |
637 |
AnAge database |
5.12 |
AnAge database |
0.94 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Wolff and Sherman 2007 |
Ochotona princeps |
163 |
347 |
AnAge database |
3 |
AnAge database |
2.2 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity and facultative monogamy |
Brown et al. 1989 |
Tupaia glis |
180 |
90 |
AnAge database |
2 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tupaia%20glis.html |
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus |
188 |
342 |
AnAge database |
4.2 |
AnAge database |
1.7 |
AnAge database |
scramble competition |
Lane et al. 2010 |
Spermophilus beldingi |
259 |
365 |
AnAge database |
5.7 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
resource-based lek |
Sherman and Morton 1984 |
Spermophilus armatus |
266 |
365 |
AnAge database |
5.3 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
1 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
polygyny |
Wolff and Sherman 2007 |
Spermophilus dauricus |
300 (est.) |
365 |
Luo and Fox 1990 |
2.5 (1st year); 7.6 (2+ yr-old) |
Jing-Chuan 1998 |
1 |
Jing-Chuan 1998 |
polygyny |
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Marmota_flaviventris.html |
Rattus norvegicus |
340 |
90 |
AnAge database |
9.9 |
AnAge database |
3.7 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
McClintock et al. 1982 |
Mustela erminea |
417 |
95 |
AnAge database |
6.77 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
Erlinge 1979 |
Spermophilus columbianus |
454 |
365 |
AnAge database |
3.66 |
Zamutto 1987 |
1 |
Zamutto 1987 |
polygyny |
Wolff and Sherman 2007 |
Sciurus carolinensis |
543 |
343 |
AnAge database |
4 |
AnAge database |
2 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Wolff and Sherman 2007 |
Sylvilagus floridanus |
1015 |
123 |
AnAge database |
5 |
AnAge database |
3.9 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Stockley 2003 |
Martes zibellina |
1030 |
456 |
AnAge database |
3 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Moors 1980 |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus |
2650 |
345 |
AnAge database |
4 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
monogamy |
Stockley 2003 |
Marmota flaviventris |
3515 |
730 |
AnAge database |
4 |
AnAge database |
0.9 |
AnAge database |
female defence |
Lane et al. 2010 |
Vulpes vulpes |
4400 |
304 |
AnAge database |
5 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
monogamy |
Stockley 2003 |
Lynx rufus |
5200 |
365 |
AnAge database |
3 |
AnAge database |
0.9 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
Reynolds 1996 |
Taxidea taxus |
6300 |
183 |
AnAge database |
3 |
AnAge database |
0.7 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Quinn 2008 |
Propithecus diadema |
6504 |
1186 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.5 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Weckerly 1998 |
Capreolus capreolus |
20000 |
413 |
AnAge database |
1.6 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
territorial |
Weckerly 1998 |
Rupicapra rupicapra |
28333 |
674 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Hardenberg et al. 2000 |
Pongo abelii |
35700 |
5475 |
Anderson et al. 2008 |
1 |
Anderson et al. 2008 |
0.107 |
Anderson et al. 2008 |
polygyny |
Harrison and Chivers 2007 |
Pan troglodytes |
39036 |
3650 |
Fragaszy and Bard 1997 |
1 |
Fragaszy and Bard 1997 |
0.2 |
Fragaszy and Bard 1997 |
promiscuity |
Tutin 1979 |
Callorhinus ursinus |
42188 |
1095 |
AnAge database |
1.3 |
AnAge database |
0.9 |
AnAge database |
territorial |
Weckerly 1998 |
Puma concolor |
44500 |
912 |
AnAge database |
2.5 |
AnAge database |
0.45 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Komers and Brotherton 1997 |
Aepyceros melampus |
45000 |
456 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
territorial |
Weckerly 1998 |
Hemitragus jemlahicus |
45000 |
547 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Forsyth et al. 2004 |
Ovis dalli |
49067 |
684 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
tending |
Weckerly 1998 |
Odocoileus hemionus |
64100 |
478 |
AnAge database |
1.5 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
tending |
Weckerly 1998 |
Ursus americanus |
97000 |
1278 |
AnAge database |
2 |
AnAge database |
0.4 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
Stockley 2003 |
Phacochoerus aethiopicus |
100000 |
730 |
AnAge database |
4.18 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
monogamy |
Saether and Gordon 1994 |
Damaliscus lunatus |
111000 |
639 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.6 |
AnAge database |
territorial polygyny |
Gosling 1991 |
Ursus arctos horribilis |
111857 |
1313 |
AnAge database |
2 |
AnAge database |
0.4 |
AnAge database |
promiscuity |
Dahle and Swenson 2003 |
Rangifer tarandus |
150000 |
662 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
harem |
Weckerly 1998 |
Connochaetes taurinus |
165000 |
1095 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
territorial polygamy |
Weckerly 1998 |
Tursiops truncatus |
175000 |
2831 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.5 |
AnAge database |
polygamy |
Tolley et al. 1995 |
Kobus defassa |
188000 |
730 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
territorial polygamy |
Weckerly 1998 |
Sus scrofa |
200000 |
334 |
AnAge database |
4.7 (1st year); 5.9 (2+ yrs old) |
Bieber and Ruf 2005 |
1 |
Bieber and Ruf 2005 |
polygyny |
Poteaux et al. 2009 |
Cervus elaphus |
203625 |
1095 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.9 |
AnAge database |
female defence |
Lane et al. 2010 |
Equus burchelli boehmi |
275725 |
1460 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.6 |
AnAge database |
harem |
Neuhaus and Ruckstuhl 2002 |
Eumetopias jubatus |
297850 |
1780 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
harem |
Weckerly 1998 |
Alces alces |
428025 |
1095 |
Sæther and Heim 1993 |
1.3 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
scramble competition |
Lane et al. 2010 |
Equus caballus |
450000 |
1825 |
Thirstrup et al. 2009 |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
female defence |
Linklater et al. 1999 |
Syncerus caffer |
488750 |
1475 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.4 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Wenink et al. 1998 |
Mirounga leonina |
636333 |
1825 |
Hindell 1991 |
1 |
AnAge database |
1 |
AnAge database |
female defence |
Lane et al. 2010 |
Hippopotamus amphibius |
1349750 |
3650 |
Millar and Zammuto 1983 |
1 |
AnAge database |
0.6 |
AnAge database |
polygyny |
Saether and Gordon 1994 |
Number of species by Order.
Order |
Number of species |
Artiodactyla |
16 |
Carnivora |
12 |
Cetacea |
1 |
Chiroptera |
5 |
Lagomorpha |
2 |
Perissodactyla |
2 |
Primates |
3 |
Rodentia |
14 |
Scandentia |
1 |
Soricomorpha |
2 |
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