Ecological Archives A025-009-A1

Alexandre Robert, Stéphane Chantepie, Samuel Pavard, François Sarrazin, and Céline Teplitsky. 2015. Actuarial senescence can increase the risk of extinction of mammal populations. Ecological Applications 25:116–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0221.1

Appendix A. Morphological, behavioral, and demographic data and references for 58 mammal species.

Table A1. Morphological, behavioral, and demographic data and references for 58 mammal species. Specific parameters used to model survivorship can be found in Lynch and Fagan (2009). AnAge refers to the Database of Animal Ageing and Longevity (de Magalhaes and Costa 2009). Parameters that were not available in AnAge were taken from the literature based on literature survey in Web of Science, with the parameter's name and the scientific name of the species of interest as keywords. When several papers were found with different estimates of the demographic parameter of interest, we used estimates based on the largest sample size. All masses obtained from Lynch and Fagan (2009).

Scientific name

Mass

(grams)

Female maturity (days)

Source for female maturity

Litter size

Source for litter size

Number of litters per year

Source for number of litters per year

Mating system

Source for mating system

Pipistrellus pipistrellus

6

456

AnAge database

1.2

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

McCracken and Wilkinson 2000

Pipistrellus subflavus

6

212

AnAge database

2

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

McCracken and Wilkinson 2000

Myotis lucifugus

10

210

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

McCracken and Wilkinson 2000

Plecotus auritus

13

365

AnAge database

1.33

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

McCracken and Wilkinson 2000

Peromyscus leucopus

18

73

AnAge database

4.5

AnAge database

3.7

AnAge database

promiscuity

Xia and Millar 1991

Blarina brevicauda

20

46

AnAge database

6

AnAge database

3

AnAge database

promiscuity

http://eol.org/pages/327370/details#reproduction

Myodes glareolus

20

42

Heikkila et al. 1993

5.27

Koivula et al. 2003

3

Koivula et al. 2003

polygyny

Ratkiewicz and Borkowska 2000

Zapus princeps

26

365 (41%); 730 (70%)

Falk and Millar 1987

5.5

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

territorial

Flinders et al. 2002

Apodemus flavicollis

27

52

AnAge database

5.5

AnAge database

2.8

AnAge database

promiscuity

Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska et al. 2008

Desmodus rotundus

33

285

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

McCracken and Wilkinson 2000

Talpa europaea

76

182

AnAge database

3

AnAge database

1.1

AnAge database

promiscuity

http://eol.org/pages/1178988/details

Tamias striatus

130

187

AnAge database

5

AnAge database

1.5

AnAge database

polygyny

Yahner 1978

Spermophilus lateralis

161

637

AnAge database

5.12

AnAge database

0.94

AnAge database

polygyny

Wolff and Sherman 2007

Ochotona princeps

163

347

AnAge database

3

AnAge database

2.2

AnAge database

promiscuity and facultative monogamy

Brown et al. 1989

Tupaia glis

180

90

AnAge database

2

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tupaia%20glis.html

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus

188

342

AnAge database

4.2

AnAge database

1.7

AnAge database

scramble competition

Lane et al. 2010

Spermophilus beldingi

259

365

AnAge database

5.7

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

resource-based lek

Sherman and Morton 1984

Spermophilus armatus

266

365

AnAge database

5.3

Millar and Zammuto 1983

1

Millar and Zammuto 1983

polygyny

Wolff and Sherman 2007

Spermophilus dauricus

300 (est.)

365

Luo and Fox 1990

2.5 (1st year); 7.6 (2+ yr-old)

Jing-Chuan 1998

1

Jing-Chuan 1998

polygyny

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Marmota_flaviventris.html

Rattus norvegicus

340

90

AnAge database

9.9

AnAge database

3.7

AnAge database

polygyny

McClintock et al. 1982

Mustela erminea

417

95

AnAge database

6.77

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

promiscuity

Erlinge 1979

Spermophilus columbianus

454

365

AnAge database

3.66

Zamutto 1987

1

Zamutto 1987

polygyny

Wolff and Sherman 2007

Sciurus carolinensis

543

343

AnAge database

4

AnAge database

2

AnAge database

polygyny

Wolff and Sherman 2007

Sylvilagus floridanus

1015

123

AnAge database

5

AnAge database

3.9

AnAge database

polygyny

Stockley 2003

Martes zibellina

1030

456

AnAge database

3

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

Moors 1980

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

2650

345

AnAge database

4

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

monogamy

Stockley 2003

Marmota flaviventris

3515

730

AnAge database

4

AnAge database

0.9

AnAge database

female defence

Lane et al. 2010

Vulpes vulpes

4400

304

AnAge database

5

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

monogamy

Stockley 2003

Lynx rufus

5200

365

AnAge database

3

AnAge database

0.9

AnAge database

promiscuity

Reynolds 1996

Taxidea taxus

6300

183

AnAge database

3

AnAge database

0.7

AnAge database

polygyny

Quinn 2008

Propithecus diadema

6504

1186

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

0.5

AnAge database

polygyny

Weckerly 1998

Capreolus capreolus

20000

413

AnAge database

1.6

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

territorial

Weckerly 1998

Rupicapra rupicapra

28333

674

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

Hardenberg et al. 2000

Pongo abelii

35700

5475

Anderson et al. 2008

1

Anderson et al. 2008

0.107

Anderson et al. 2008

polygyny

Harrison and Chivers 2007

Pan troglodytes

39036

3650

Fragaszy and Bard 1997

1

Fragaszy and Bard 1997

0.2

Fragaszy and Bard 1997

promiscuity

Tutin 1979

Callorhinus ursinus

42188

1095

AnAge database

1.3

AnAge database

0.9

AnAge database

territorial

Weckerly 1998

Puma concolor

44500

912

AnAge database

2.5

AnAge database

0.45

AnAge database

polygyny

Komers and Brotherton 1997

Aepyceros melampus

45000

456

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

territorial

Weckerly 1998

Hemitragus jemlahicus

45000

547

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

polygyny

Forsyth et al. 2004

Ovis  dalli

49067

684

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

tending

Weckerly 1998

Odocoileus hemionus

64100

478

AnAge database

1.5

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

tending

Weckerly 1998

Ursus americanus

97000

1278

AnAge database

2

AnAge database

0.4

AnAge database

promiscuity

Stockley 2003

Phacochoerus aethiopicus

100000

730

AnAge database

4.18

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

monogamy

Saether and Gordon 1994

Damaliscus lunatus

111000

639

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

0.6

AnAge database

territorial polygyny

Gosling 1991

Ursus arctos horribilis

111857

1313

AnAge database

2

AnAge database

0.4

AnAge database

promiscuity

Dahle and Swenson 2003

Rangifer tarandus

150000

662

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

harem

Weckerly 1998

Connochaetes taurinus

165000

1095

Millar and Zammuto 1983

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

territorial polygamy

Weckerly 1998

Tursiops truncatus

175000

2831

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

0.5

AnAge database

polygamy

Tolley et al. 1995

Kobus defassa

188000

730

Millar and Zammuto 1983

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

territorial polygamy

Weckerly 1998

Sus scrofa

200000

334

AnAge database

4.7 (1st year); 5.9 (2+ yrs old)

Bieber and Ruf 2005

1

Bieber and Ruf 2005

polygyny

Poteaux et al. 2009

Cervus elaphus

203625

1095

Millar and Zammuto 1983

1

AnAge database

0.9

AnAge database

female defence

Lane et al. 2010

Equus burchelli boehmi

275725

1460

Millar and Zammuto 1983

1

AnAge database

0.6

AnAge database

harem

Neuhaus and Ruckstuhl 2002

Eumetopias jubatus

297850

1780

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

harem

Weckerly 1998

Alces alces

428025

1095

Sæther and Heim 1993

1.3

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

scramble competition

Lane et al. 2010

Equus caballus

450000

1825

Thirstrup et al. 2009

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

female defence

Linklater et al. 1999

Syncerus caffer

488750

1475

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

0.4

AnAge database

polygyny

Wenink et al. 1998

Mirounga leonina

636333

1825

Hindell 1991

1

AnAge database

1

AnAge database

female defence

Lane et al. 2010

Hippopotamus amphibius

1349750

3650

Millar and Zammuto 1983

1

AnAge database

0.6

AnAge database

polygyny

Saether and Gordon 1994

 

Number of species by Order.

Order

Number of species

Artiodactyla

16

Carnivora

12

Cetacea

1

Chiroptera

5

Lagomorpha

2

Perissodactyla

2

Primates

3

Rodentia

14

Scandentia

1

Soricomorpha

2

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