Brian Dennis, José Miguel Ponciano, Subhash R. Lele, Mark L. Taper, and David F. Staples. 2006. Estimating density dependence, process noise, and observation error. Ecological Monographs 76:323–341.

Appendices

Appendix A: Proofs of statistical properties of the density-dependent (Gompertz) and density-independent state-space models.
Ecological Archives E076-012-A1.

Appendix B: An annotated SAS program for calculating parameter estimates for the Gompertz state-space model, along with annotated output.
Ecological Archives E076-012-A2.

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