Diego P. Vázquez and Daniel Simberloff. 2004. Indirect effects of an introduced ungulate on pollination and plant reproduction. Ecological Monographs 74:281–308.

Appendix J. Observed covariance matrices used for among-site path analysis of Alstroemeria aurea.

Season	Statistic	Variable†	B	Da	Dr	Vj	Pc	Ph	fr/fl	s/fr
1999–2000	Covariance	B	528.74	-22.96	-5.77	-1.28	-6.54	17.52	-255.47	-38.49
	Covariance	Da	-22.96	2.05	0.37	0.06	0.63	-0.79	21.78	2.55
	Covariance	Dr	-5.77	0.37	0.10	0.02	0.12	-0.19	4.14	0.48
	Covariance	Vj	-1.28	0.06	0.02	0.01	0.02	-0.04	1.05	0.17
	Covariance	Pc	-6.54	0.63	0.12	0.02	0.23	-0.30	7.02	0.84
	Covariance	Ph	17.52	-0.79	-0.19	-0.04	-0.30	1.74	-3.95	-0.92
	Covariance	fr/fl	-255.47	21.78	4.14	1.05	7.02	-3.95	333.52	46.97
	Covariance	s/fr	-38.49	2.55	0.48	0.17	0.84	-0.92	46.97	7.83
	Mean		25.82	2.22	0.72	0.18	4.37	3.44	79.12	10.97
	St. dev.		22.99	1.43	0.31	0.08	0.48	1.32	18.26	2.80
	N		8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
2000–2001	Covariance	B	528.74	-22.96	-5.77	0.06	-9.87	9.89	-258.84	-38.29
	Covariance	Da	-22.96	2.05	0.37	-0.01	0.50	-0.62	18.55	2.47
	Covariance	Dr	-5.77	0.37	0.10	0.00	0.10	-0.16	3.38	0.47
	Covariance	Vj	0.06	-0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.10	1.11	0.09
	Covariance	Pc	-9.87	0.50	0.10	0.02	0.36	-0.05	11.24	1.29
	Covariance	Ph	9.89	-0.62	-0.16	0.10	-0.05	1.05	3.82	-0.16
	Covariance	fr/fl	-258.84	18.55	3.38	1.11	11.24	3.82	459.12	48.51
	Covariance	s/fr	-38.29	2.47	0.47	0.08	1.29	-0.16	48.51	5.65
	Mean		25.82	2.22	0.72	0.11	4.46	4.12	70.92	9.59
	St. dev.		22.99	1.43	0.31	0.11	0.60	1.02	21.43	2.38
	N		8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8

^†Variable names: B, overall browsing index (see Table 3); D_a, natural logarithm of absolute population density; D_r, relative population density; V_j, pollinator visit frequency (Eq. 2); P_c and P_h, natural logarithms of conspecific and heterospecific pollen; fr/fl, fruits per flower; s/fr, seeds per fruit. All variables are means per site.