Ecological Archives M072-004-A1

H. Jochen Schenk and Robert B. Jackson. 2002. The global biogeography of roots. Ecological Monographs 72:311-328.

Appendix A.  List of studies compiled in the global database of vertical root profiles.

Biome or global vegetation type Reference Table or figure Geographic location Geographic coordinates Mean annual precipitation Soil type/texture Type of roots measured Sampling methods Measurement units Local vegetation Elevation Time of year
Arctic tundra Dennis and Johnson 1970 Fig. 2 Alaska, USA 71:20 N 156:39 W 104 mm 2 to 20 cm organic layer over loam total, live cores g m-2 to 30-60 cm five tundra vegetation types < 5 m June-September
Arctic tundra Dennis et al. 1978 Table 5 Alaska, USA 71:20 N 156:39 W 104 mm ~16 cm organic layer over loam total, live/dead, + rhizomes and buried stems cores g m-2 to 25 cm polygonized wet tundra, meadow, Carex, Eriophorum, Calamagrostis, Dupontia < 5 m June-August
Arctic tundra Ignatenko and Khakimzyanova 1971 Table 3 Komi, Russia 66:40 N 62:35 E 340 mm humus gravel soil and peat humus gley soil, 12-16 cm humus over sandy loam total, + rhizomes buried stems 25 × 25 cm monoliths g m-2 to 34 to 48 cm dwarf Birch, Dryas, Willow 143 m no information
Arctic tundra Ignatenko et al. 1972 Figs. 1-3 Taimyr Peninsula, Russia 72:27 N 101:57 E 243 mm cryogenic gley with 12-18 cm humus/peat layer over medium loam total < 5 mm 20 × 20 cm monoliths kg m-2 to permafrost at 46 to 64 cm Carex, Cassiope, Dryas, Hylocomium spotted tundra no information no information
Arctic tundra Khodachek 1971 Table III Taimyr Peninsula, Russia 73:20 N 90:37 E 338 mm permafrost at 20 to 55 cm total, 3 diameter classes 20 × 20 cm monoliths g m-2 to 46 to 50 cm hummock, spotted, and bog tundra, Salix, Dryas, Carex, mosses no information Summer
Arctic tundra Miller et al. 1982 Fig. 4 Central Alaska 65:26 N 145:30 W 235 mm living moss and humus layer 6 to >50 cm deep, permafrost at ~50 cm fine < 0.25 mm 10 × 10 cm monoliths % of total mass to 25-57 cm, total mass in kg m-3 montane tundra, six vegetation types + tussock tundra, 750 - 1050 m Summer
Arctic tundra Muc 1977 Table 5 Northwest Territories, Canada 75:33 N 84:40 W 185 mm fibric organo cryosol, organic material to >30 cm (permafrost below) total 6.5 cm cores g m-2 to 25 cm hummocky and hollow sedge-moss meadow, Carex, Eriophorum 50 m Summer
Boreal forest Abaimov et al. 1997 Table 2 Central Siberia 64:18 N 100:11 E 391 mm permafrost soil fine < 1 mm no information g dm-3 to 70 cm various stages of post-fire succession in Larix gmelinii forest no information no information
Boreal forest Bhatti et al. 1998 Fig. 1 Ontario, Canada 49:03 N 81:30 W 838 mm >40 cm peat over lacustrine clay soil fine < 5 mm 8 × 8 × 40 cm cores kg m-3 to 30 cm Picea mariana, Alnus rugosa, Sphagnum spp. no information July
Boreal forest Damman 1971 Fig. 8 Newfoundland, Canada 48:27 N 58:24 W 1200 mm raw humus (~6 cm); loamy sand over sandy, glaciofluvial deposits fine < 10 mm 500 cm2 frames in humus and 100 cm3 cores kg ha-1 to 87.5 cm Abies balsamea, Picea mariana < 50 m October
Boreal forest Finér et al. 1997 Fig. 1 NW Quebec, Canada 48:30 N 79:20 W 823 mm 5 to 8 cm organic layer over clay deposits fine < 10 mm, 4 diameter classes 38 cm2 cores g m-2 and length (km m-2 ) to 30 cm Populus, Betula, Abies, Picea, Thuja 300 m June
Boreal forest Ignatenko et al. 1972 Figs. 1-3 Taimyr Peninsula, Russia 72:27 N 101:57 E 243 mm loam/sandy loam, permafrost at 40-70 cm total < 5 mm 20 × 20 cm monoliths kg m-2 to permafrost (at 48 to 67 cm) Larix gmelinii woodland 30 - 150 m Summer
Boreal forest Karpov 1983 Fig. 6 Valdai Hills, Russia 56:32 N 31:50 E 640 mm podzolic gleys, water table at 3 to 40 cm total 19.6 cm2 cores surface area in ha ha-1 to 30 cm Picea abies, Sorbus, Betula, Vaccinium, Sphagnum 230 - 270 m no information
Boreal forest Kimmins and Hawkes 1978 Tables 2 and 6 British Columbia, Canada 54:40 N 122:14 W 813 mm sandy podzol live fine < 6.4 mm, trees/understory 10 × 10 × 10 cm cores g m-2 and g m-3 to 80 cm Picea glauca, Abies lasiocarpa no information July and August
Boreal forest Persson 1982 Table 2 Central Sweden 60:49 N 16:30 E 607 mm iron-podzol, 7 cm humus layer, fine sand live/dead < 10 mm, 3 diameter classes, trees/understory 6.7 cm cores g m-2 to 60 cm Pinus sylvestris forest with Calluna/Vaccinium understory 185 m June and September
Boreal forest Pietikäinen et al. 1999 Fig. 1 Finland 61:48 N 24:19 E 709 mm podzol, fine to coarse sand total, fine < 2 mm 4.6 cm cores kg m-3 to 80 to 85 cm Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, with Vaccinium understory 152 m Summer
Boreal forest Plamboeck et al. 1999 Fig. 4 N Sweden 64:14 N 19:46 E 571 mm Regosol, loamy sand to sandy loam total < 10 mm, fine < 2 mm 20 × 20 cm monoliths g m-2 to 55 cm Pinus sylvestris forest with Vaccinium vitis-idea, V. myrtillus 225 m July to August
Boreal forest Saurina and Kamenetskaya 1969 Table 2 Vologda, Russia 59:12 N 38:30 E 550 mm podzol fine 0.6 - 5 mm 25 × 25 cm monoliths g m-2 and number of roots to 240 cm Pinus sylvestris, Calluna, Carex no information no information
Boreal forest Steele et al. 1997 Fig. 1 Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada 53:55 N 105:00 W 405 mm 20-30 cm humus over sandy loam fine < 5 mm Mini-rhizotrons length (m m-2 ) to 35 cm Pinus banksiana, Alnus crispa, and Betula papyrifera no information September
Boreal forest Steele et al. 1997 Fig. 1 Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada 55:54 N 98:30 W 536 mm 30-50 cm humus over clay fine < 5 mm Mini-rhizotrons length (m m-2 ) to 35 cm Pinus banksiana, Alnus crispa, and Betula papyrifera no information September
Boreal forest Strong and La Roi 1983 Figs. 2 and 3 Alberta, Canada 55:10 N 114:08 W 475 mm Eutric Brunisols (sand), gray Luvisols (clay loam), and organic soils total Profile wall number 100 cm-2 to 125 cm Picea, Pinus, Populus, Larix, 11 stands no information Summer
Boreal forest Tryon and Chapin 1983 Fig. 6 Alaska, USA 65:06 N 147:02 W 220 mm no information fine < 1mm, coarse > 1 mm Excavation and 6.7 cm cores g m-2 to 30, 50, or 100 cm Picea mariana, Populus tremuloides, P. balsamifera no information August
Boreal forest Uchida et al. 1998 Table 2 Saskatchewan, Canada 53:50 N 105:30 W 389 mm 19 cm humus over loamy sand total, 3 diameter classes 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 44 cm depth Picea mariana 500 m July
Cool-temperate conifer forest Kern et al. 1961 Fig. 3, Table 7 SW Germany 47:44 N 8:00 E 1854 mm podzolic brown soil, brown soil-gley, podzolic gley fine < 2 mm, 2 diameter classes 250 cm3 cores length (cm 1000 cm-3) to 60 or 110 cm montane forest and plantations, Picea abies, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica 950 m no information
Cool-temperate conifer forest Lutz et al. 1937 Table II and text New Hampshire, USA 42:56 N 72:16 W 1016 mm gray-brown podzolic soil, sandy loam to loamy sand total Profile wall number per horizon to ~180 cm Pinus strobus, 35- to 45-years-old no information no information
Cool-temperate conifer forest Nnyamah and Black 1977 Fig. 12 Vancouver Island, Canada 49:50 N 125:17 W 1100 mm Duric Humo-Ferric Podzol, gravelly sandy loam fine < 2 mm 7.3 cm cores mg cm-3 to 78 cm Pseudotsuga menziesii, 2 natural stands (thinned and unthinned) 150 m August
Cool-temperate conifer forest Puhe et al. 1986 Fig. 7 S Sweden 57:26 N 12:15 E 960 mm podzolic brown soil fine < 2 mm, 2 diameter classes, live/dead cores g 1000 cm-3 to 30 cm Picea abies forest 120 to 180 m late fall
Cool-temperate conifer forest Puhe et al. 1986 Fig. 7 S Sweden 56:38 N 13:03 E 1040 mm iron-humus podzol 2 diameter classes, cores g 1000 cm-3 to 30 cm Picea abies forest 70 m late fall
Cool-temperate conifer forest Puhe et al. 1986 Fig. 7 S Sweden 56:12 N 15:23 E 610 mm podzolic brown soil live/dead cores g 1000 cm-3 to 30 cm Picea abies forest 60 m late fall
Cool-temperate conifer forest Safford and Bell 1972 Table 1 Maine, USA 44:56 N 68:39 W 1033 mm silt loam fine < 3 mm 15 × 15 cm monoliths and 4.75 cm cores kg m-3 to 45 cm Picea glauca plantation, 39-years-old no information no information
Cool-temperate conifer forest Vyskot 1973 Table VI Czech Republic 49:19 N 16:40 E 628 mm brown forest sandy clay, pseudogley total, 4 diameter classes Excavation g fresh mass per tree and volume (cm3) to 100 cm Abies alba stand (39 yrs. old) 460 m no information
Cool-temperate conifer forest Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:44 N 110:58 W 550 mm loam live < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Pseudotsuga, Symphoricarpus 1650 m June
Cool-temperate conifer forest Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:55 N 110:55 W 900 mm loam live < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Abies, Vaccinium 1810 m June
Cool-temperate conifer forest Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:55 N 110:55 W 900 mm loam live < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Pseudotsuga, Calamagrostis 1830 m June
Cool-temperate conifer forest Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:52 N 110:57 W 900 mm sandy loam live < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Abies, Vaccinium 2360 m June
Cool-temperate conifer forest Wright 1955 Fig. 1 Morayshire, Scotland 57:37 N 3:44 W 607 mm coarse and fine sand total Cubic monoliths of 15.24 cm length g 3539.6 cm-3 to 152.4 cm Pinus laricio, P. sylvestris plantations on dunes <100 m July-August
Cool-temperate conifer forest Wright 1955 Fig. 1 Morayshire, Scotland 57:37 N 3:44 W 607 mm coarse and fine sand total Cubic samples of 15.24 cm length g 3539.6 cm-3 to 152.4 cm 40 year-old Betula pubescens forest on dunes <100 m July-August
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Ellenberg et al. 1986 Tables 19 and 20 Lower Saxony, Germany 51:46 N 9:33 E 1060 mm acidic brown soil, loam fine < 2 mm 100 cm3 cores mg 100 cm-3 to 84 or 94 cm Fagus sylvatica 500 m May to November
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Garelkov 1973 Table 3 W Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria 43:06 N 23:07 E 1100 mm brown forest soil fine < 1 mm, coarse > 1 mm monoliths Mg ha-1 to 100 cm montane Fagus sylvatica forests 1400-1600 m no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Glatzel 1983 Fig. 3 SE Austria 47:03 N 16:27 E 750 mm heavy pseudogley, silt loam fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 7 cm cores g cm-1 m-2 to 100 cm Quercus petraea, Q. robur, Carpinus betulus 240 m no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Hendriks and Bianchi 1995 Table 3 The Netherlands 52:16 N 5:41 E 760 mm fine loamy brown podzol, siliceous, mesic Entic Haplorthod fine < 2 mm 750 cm3 cores length (cm cm-3) to 90 cm Fagus sylvatica forest and Fagus sylvatica-Pseudotsuga menziesii plantation no information no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Hertel 1999 Fig. 4-9 Solling, Germany 51:46 N 9:35 E 1031 mm acidic brown soil, loam fine < 2 mm, live/dead 100 cm3 cores g cm-3 to 160 cm Fagus sylvatica 510 m May to September
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Hertel 1999 Fig. 4-9 Lüneburger Heide, Germany 52:50 N 10:17 E 801 mm podzolic brown soil, sand fine < 2 mm, live/dead 100 cm3 cores g cm-3 to 160 cm Fagus sylvatica 115 m May to September
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Hertel 1999 Fig. 4-9 Göttinger Wald, Germany 51:31 N 10:03 E 712 mm rendzina, silty clay loam fine < 2 mm, live/dead 100 cm3 cores g cm-3 to 160 cm Fagus sylvatica 420 m May to September
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Hertel 1999 Fig. 4-9 Allstedt, Germany 51:23 N 11:26 E 500 mm brown soil, loamy sand fine < 2 mm, live/dead 100 cm3 cores g cm-3 to 160 cm Fagus sylvatica 280 m May to September
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Kalisz et al. 1987 Fig. 2 Kentucky, USA 37:27 N 83:08 W 1170 mm stony, sandy loams to silt loams total 10.4 cm cores length (m m-3) to bedrock at 86 or 109 cm Quercus spp., Fagus, Carya, Liriodendron no information no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Kochenderfer 1973 Table 1 West Virginia, USA 39:07 N 79:34 W 1300 mm loams and silt loams total Profile wall % of intersection to 210 cm 3 forest types: northern hardwood, cove hardwood, and oak-hickory 457-1067 m no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Kreutzer 1968 Table 2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany 48:04 N 9:57 E 830 mm pseudogley, loam, over gravelly soil total, 5 diameter classes 1 m2 monoliths biomass, no units given, to 90 (110) cm 10 tree species, incl. 2 conifers, Quercus, Fagus, Carpinus, Alnus, Betula, Picea, Abies 607 m no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Lucot and Bruckert 1992 Fig. 5 Franche-Comté, France 47:08 N 6:00 E 1100 mm silty clay loam, limestone bedrock at 4.2 m total, 4 diameter classes Profile wall area of intersections (cm2 100 cm-2 ) and % of total to 400 cm Quercus robur 355 m Spring
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest McClaugherty et al. 1982 Table 1 Massachusetts, USA 42:30 N 72:12 W 1050 mm Entic Haplorthods (Spodosols), very stony sandy loam fine < 3 mm, live/dead 19 mm and 50 mm cores Mg/ha to depth of rooting zone, to 60-120 cm mixed hardwood stand no information Mean annual
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Safford 1974 Table 1 New Hampshire, USA 44:06 N 71:09 W 1270 mm Typic Fragiorthod, coarse loam fine < 3 mm 10 × 10 cm samples from profile wall g 100 cm-3 to 81 cm Fagus, Acer, and Betula 300 m June to July
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Schulze et al. 1996 Table 3 Patagonia, Argentina 44:50 S 71:43 W 770 mm 0.15 cm humus over loam, large rocks at >1.05 m total Monoliths g m-2 to 200 cm Nothofagus pumila forest 1080 m March
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Schulze et al. 1996 Table 3 Patagonia, Argentina 44:51 S 71:35 W 520 mm 0.05 cm humus over silt, loamy sand, gravelly sand total Monoliths g m-2 to 225 cm Nothofagus antarctica scrub 960 m March
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Scully 1942 Table 2 Wisconsin, USA 42:34 N 88:29 W 800 mm Bellefontaine silt loam to 0.33 m, sandy clay below total Profile wall number 929 cm-2 ; % root area 929 cm-2 , to 91.4 cm maple-oak forest <1030 m Summer
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:41 N 111:02 W 550 mm loam live, fine < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Populus, Symphoricarpus 1560 m June
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:55 N 110:55 W 900 mm loam live, fine < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Populus, Poa 1830 m June
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest Yin et al. 1989 Fig. 1 Wisconsin, USA 44:06 N 91:12 W 792 mm Typic Hapludalf, loam and silt loam fine < 2 mm 10 cm cores % biomass to 60 cm Quercus rubra forest no information November
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Gehrmann et al. 1984 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 51:57 N 9:44 E 781 mm podzol fine < 2 mm Root cores no information Picea abies plantation no information no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Glatzel 1983 Fig. 3 SE Austria 47:03 N 16:27 E 750 mm heavy pseudogley, silt loam fine < 2 mm, coarse, > 2 mm 7 cm cores g cm-1 m-2 to 100 cm Picea abies plantation (16 yrs. old) 240 m no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Hendriks and Bianchi 1995 Table 3 The Netherlands 52:15 N 5:41 E 760 mm fine loamy brown podzol, silicaceous, mesic Entic Haplorthod fine < 2 mm 750 cm3 cores length (cm cm-3) to 90 cm Pseudotsuga menziesii plantations, 40- and 60-years-old no information no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) McClaugherty et al. 1982 Table 1 Massachusetts, USA 42:30 N 72:12 W 1050 mm Entic Haplorthods (Spodosol), very stony, sandy loam fine < 3 mm, live/dead 19 mm and 50 mm soil cores Mg ha-1 to 60 to 120 cm Pinus resinosa plantation, 53-years old no information Mean annual
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Olsthoorn 1991 Table 2 The Netherlands 52:11 N 5:46 E 760 mm Leptic podzol, sand live fine < 2 mm, coarse > 5 mm 8 cm cores kg ha-1 and cm cm-3 to 80 cm Pseudotsuga menziesii plantation no information Summer of 3 years
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Olsthoorn 1991 Table 2 The Netherlands 52:15 N 5:41 E 760 mm Orthic podzol, loamy sand live fine < 2 mm, coarse > 5 mm 8 cm cores kg ha-1 and cm cm-3 to 80 cm Pseudotsuga menziesii plantation no information Summer of 3 years
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Persson et al. 1995 Table 1 SW Sweden 56:33 N 13:13E 720 mm Haplic podzol, loamy sand fine < 1 mm, live/dead Monoliths g m-2 to 100 cm Picea abies plantation 100 m June
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Reynolds 1970 Table 4 Oxford, England 51:43 N 1:15 W 650 mm coarse sand or sandy loam total 6 cm cores kg m-2 to 107 cm Pseudotsuga menziesii plantation, 36-years-old no information no information
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Roberts 1976 Table 1 East Anglia, England 52:25 N 0:44 E 570 mm acidic sand (0.5-1.5 m thick) over chalky drift total live 7.62 cm cores length (cm cm-2 and cm cm-3) to 183 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation no information Mean of 7 months
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 53:08 N 9:47 E 740 mm Syrosem fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 70 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 52:36 N 10:02 E 700 mm iron-humus podzol fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 40 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 53:08 N 9:47 E 740 mm podzol-brown soil fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 85 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 52:50 N 10:17 E 705 mm mire fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 78 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 52:41 N 10:08 E 700 mm podzolic brown soil fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 68 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 53:04 N 10:34 E 600 mm para-brown soil fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 55 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 52:15 N 11:02 E 630 mm pseudogley brown soil fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 145 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Scherfose 1990 Fig. 6 Lower Saxony, Germany 51:35 N 9:51 E 610 mm Terra fusca brown soil fine < 2 mm, live/dead 20 × 20 × 100 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and # of root tips to 100 cm Pinus sylvestris plantation 180 m spring and fall
Cool-temperate broadleaved forest (conifer plantation) Xu 1991 Table 17 Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany 50:00 N 7:06 E 700 - 1000 mm pseudogley and brown soil fine < 5 mm, 2 diameter classes Profile wall number 0.2 m-2 to 100 cm Abies grandis and Picea abies plantations 300 - 550 m no information
Warm-temperate forest Chen et al. 1994 Tables 4 and 6 W Guangdon Province, S China 23:27 N 111:53 E 1744 mm red, fine-textured soil live, total, fine < 3 m Profile wall and 4 cm cores number 5 m-2 to 500 cm; g m-2 to 100 cm lower montane evergreen forest 400 m no information
Warm-temperate forest Davis et al. 1983 Table 1 Tasmania, Australia 41:23 S 146:23 E 1100 mm kraznozem total 10.16 cm cores length (mm cm-3) to 80 cm Pinus radiata plantations no information Winter
Warm-temperate forest Davis et al. 1983 Table 1 Tasmania, Australia 42:05 S 145:17 E 1300 mm groundwater podzol total 10.16 cm cores length (mm cm-3) to 80 cm Pinus radiata plantations no information Winter
Warm-temperate forest Davis et al. 1983 Table 1 Tasmania, Australia 41:21 S 146:30 E 1100 mm podzol total 10.16 cm cores length (mm cm-3) to 80 cm Pinus radiata plantations no information Winter
Warm-temperate forest Davis et al. 1983 Table 1 Tasmania, Australia 41:21 S 146:30 E 1100 mm podzol total 10.16 cm cores length (mm cm-3) to 80 cm Pinus radiata plantations no information Winter
Warm-temperate forest Davis et al. 1983 Table 1 Tasmania, Australia 41:14 S 147:31 E 1100 mm podzol total 10.16 cm cores length (mm cm-3) to 80 cm Pinus radiata plantations no information Winter
Warm-temperate forest Duncan 1941 Table 7 North Carolina, USA 35:59 N 78:58 W 1190 mm Congaree clay loam, Georgeville clay, and Orange loam total Profile wall number per 929 cm2 to 45.7 cm Liquidambar, Liriodendron, Quercus, Acer, Platanus, Betula, Pinus no information no information
Warm-temperate forest Farrish 1991 Table 2 Louisiana, USA 33:00 N 92:41 W 1300 mm fine-loamy, siliceous, Theric Typic Paleudults, loamy sand over clay loam live, fine < 3 mm 8 cm cores mass (mg cm-3) and surface area (cm2 cm-3) to 90 cm Pinus taeda, Quercus falcata, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar no information Various
Warm-temperate forest Harris et al. 1977 Table 3 and Fig. 3 North Carolina, USA 35:56 N 79:19 W 1160 mm Typic Hapludults, loam total, 4 diameter classes monoliths and 10 cm cores kg ha-1 to 60 and 70 cm Pinus taeda plantation, 15-years-old no information Mean annual
Warm-temperate forest Harris et al. 1977 Table 3 and Fig. 3 Tennessee, USA 36:01 N 84:16 W 1390 mm Typic Paleudults, silt loam total, 4 diameter classes monoliths and 10 cm cores kg ha-1 to 60 and 70 cm mixed deciduous forest, Liriodendron tulipifera no information Mean annual
Warm-temperate forest Isagi et al. 1997 Fig. 1 Central Honshu, Japan 34:56 N 135:46 E 1581 mm no information total + rhizomes 100 × 100 × 90 cm monoliths g m-2 to 90 cm bamboo stand, Phyllostachys pubescens 65 m October
Warm-temperate forest Karizumi 1978 Table 2.2-7 Honshu, Japan no information no information no information total monoliths % mass to 240 cm conifer plantations no information no information
Warm-temperate forest Karizumi 1978 Table 2.2-7 SW Honshu, Japan 32:10 N 130:28 E 2680 mm brown forest soil total monoliths % root mass by depth to 240 cm evergreen oak forest, Cyclobalanopsis and Castanopsis 440 m December
Warm-temperate forest Parker and Van Lear 1996 Fig. 1 South Carolina, USA 34:41 N 82:49 W 1350 mm clay to sandy clay loams total Profile wall number to 100 cm Pinus taeda no information no information
Warm-temperate forest Qiu et al. 1984 Fig. 3 Yunnan, China 24:33 N 101.02 E >1000 mm yellow-brown soils total monoliths to 150 cm montane evergreen forest, Lithocarpus, Castanopsis 2500 m April-May
Warm-temperate forest Qiu et al. 1992 Fig. 6.7 Zhejiang Province, China 30:01 N 120:15 E 1800 mm acidic red soil over sandstone (at ~ 0.6 m) total 20 × 20 cm soil pits kg m-2 to 100 cm bamboo stand, Phyllostachys pubescens 100 m spring
Warm-temperate forest Rui et al. 1999 Fig. 5 Sichuan, China 29:50 N 106:26 E 1123 mm acidic, yellowish sandy soil total, live, dead, 3 diameter classes, + rhizomes 100 × 100 × 90 cm monoliths Mg ha-1 to 90 cm bamboo stand, Phyllostachys pubescens 215 m no information
Warm-temperate forest Turner 1936 Table 1 Arkansas, USA 34:01 N 93:56 W 1270 mm Hanceville fine sandy loam total, 6 diameter classes Profile wall number to 91 cm Pinus echinata forests 120 m no information
Warm-temperate forest Turner 1936 Table 1 Arkansas, USA 33:13 N 91:48 W 1370 mm Caddo silt loam total, 6 diameter classes Profile wall number to 91 cm Pinus echinata forests 50-60 m no information
Warm-temperate forest Turner 1936 Table 1 Arkansas, USA 33:13 N 93:14 W 1120 mm Susquehanna fine sandy loam total, 6 diameter classes Profile wall number to 91 cm Pinus echinata forests 100 m no information
Warm-temperate forest Van Rees and Comerford 1986 Table 2 Florida, USA 29:40 N 82:15 W 1330 mm Ultic Haplaquads, sand to 105 cm, sandy loam to sandy clay loam below total 10 cm cores g m-2 to 245 cm Pinus elliottii with understory of Serenoa repens, Ilex glabra 53 m May
Temperate or boreal heathland Aerts 1993 Figs. 3.8 The Netherlands 52:02 N 5:50 E 800 mm humus podzol total 10 ×50 cm monoliths g m-2 and % of total to 100 cm dry heathland, Calluna vulgaris, Molinia caerulea, Deschampsia flexuosa no information August
Temperate or boreal heathland Chapman 1970 Fig. 1 Dorset, England 50:43 N 2:49 W 800 mm well-developed humus-iron podzols, sand total 9 cm cores kg ha-1 to 40 cm dry heathland, Calluna vulgaris, Ulex minor 15 m July
Temperate or boreal heathland Damman 1971 Fig. 8 Newfoundland, Canada 48:27 N 58:24 W 1200 mm raw humus (~30 cm), loamy sand over sandy glaciofluvial deposits total < 10 mm 500 cm2 frames (humus) and 100 cm3 cores kg ha-1 to 87.5 cm Kalimia angustifolia < 50 m October
Temperate or boreal heathland Groves and Specht 1965 Figs. 3 and 4 Victoria, SE Australia 39:00 S 146:17 E 1090 mm deep aeolian sand live/dead 4.2 cm cores kg 0.0762 m-3 to 152.4 cm coastal "sand heath" no information no information
Temperate or boreal heathland Groves and Specht 1965 Figs. 3 and 4 Victoria, SE Australia 38:52 S 146:23 E 1090 mm groundwater podzol, sand over clayey sand live/dead 4.2 cm cores kg 0.0762 m-3 to 61 cm costal "wet heath", Casuarina, Leptospermum no information no information
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Bickova and Zirin 1963 (cited in Evdokimova and Grishina 1968) Vladimir, Russia 56:15 N 41:15 E 591 mm soddy meadow soil, meadow soil, boggy soil, water table at 120 to 350 cm Total monoliths 50 kg ha-1 to 80 cm flood plain meadows on three soil types no information no information
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Ellenberg et al. 1986 Table 46 Lower Saxony, Germany 51:46 N 9:32 E 1060 mm acidic brown soil, loam total, incl. rhizomes cores Mg ha-1 to 60 cm Trisetum, Festuca meadow 500 m 2 year average
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Fiala and Studeny 1988 Table 1 Czech Republic 49:43 N 15:58 E 700-850 mm no information given live/dead 9.6 cm cores kg m-2 and % of total to 30 cm Nardus stricta 625 mm July
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Fiala 1990 Table 5 Czech Republic 49:40 N 16:00 E 700-850 mm no information given total, live/dead 9 cm cores kg m-2 and % of total to 30 cm three meadow communities 630-70 m August
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Gisi and Oertli 1981 Fig. 2 Switzerland 47:25 N 7:29 E 800 mm clay loam total, incl. rhizomes 100 cm3 cores kg m-3 to 25 cm montane meadow 785 m April to September
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Linkola and Tiirikka 1936 Table 7 Karelia, Russia 61:36 N 30:41 E 570 mm sand, sand over loam, or loam total, incl. rhizomes 20 × 20 cm monoliths g 400 cm-2 and % of total to 120 cm 3 types of meadows, dry to moist no information no information
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Plewczynska-Kuras 1976 Table 4 Warsaw, Poland 52:17 N 21:03 E 548 mm brown alluvial medium gleyed soils, loamy sand, water table at 0.5 to 1.5 m total 11.3 cm cores g m-2 to 3 cm meadows no information April to November
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Wright 1955 Fig. 1 Morayshire, Scotland 57:37 N 3:44 W 607 mm coarse and fine sand total Cubic samples of 15.24 cm length g 3539.6 cm-3 to 152.4 cm dune meadow, Ammophila arenaria, Carex arenaria, Calluna vulgaris <100 m July-August
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Yano and Kayama 1975 Table 6.2-3 N Honshu, Japan 38:44 N 140:15 E 1600 mm clay or clay loam total 0.1 × 0.5 × 1.1 m monoliths g m-2 to 60 or 110 cm Miscanthus sinensis 500 m July to November
Meadow in the temperate or boreal forest zone Yano and Kayama 1975 Fig. 6.2-7 central Honshu, Japan 35:10 N 134:45 E 2313 mm clay or clay loam total 0.1 × 0.5 × 1.1 m monoliths g m-2 to 60 or 110 cm Miscanthus sinensis 810 m July to November
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Ares and Peinemann 1992 Table 7 Sierra de la Ventana, Argentina 38:00 S 62:02 W 670 - 920 mm primarily Mollisols, pure loess, loam fine < 2 mm 7 cm cores and monoliths kg ha-1 to 50 cm conifer plantations, Pinus halepensis, P. radiata, Cedrus deodara, Cupressus sempervirens 300 to 600 m Autumn
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Barker et al. 1988 Fig. 1 North Island, New Zealand 40:20 S 175:52 E 1246 mm no information total 5 cm cores mass (kg m-3), length (km m-3), surface area (m2 m-3) to 80 cm Agrostis, Lolium, Cynosurus, Holcus, Trifolium no information January
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Dahlman and Kucera 1965 Table 1 Missouri, USA 38:57 N 91:56 W 1016 mm fine loess with clay pan total 4.2 cm cores g m-2 to 86.4 cm tallgrass prairie, Andropogon gerardi, Andropogon scoparius no information April to January
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Greenwood and Hutchinson 1998 Fig. 1 New South Wales, Australia 30:38 S 151:34 E 793 mm gleyed podzolic prairie soil and "wiesenboden" total, 5 diameter classes 3.85 cm cores length (cm cm-3) to 75 cm, also volume and surface area Phalaris aquatica, Trifolium repens 1065 m January/February
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Joffre et al. 1987 Table 2 and Fig. 2 Andalucía, S Spain 37:41 N 5:55 W 720 mm sandy silt, granitic total 900 cm2 monoliths mass in g m-2 and length in cm cm-3 to 60 cm Mediterranean grassland, annual Vulpia ssp. and perennial Phalaris aquatica no information October to May
Prairie and other mesic grasslands McKell et al. 1962 Fig. 2 California, USA 38:58 N 123:07 W 889 mm Sutherlin fine gravelly clay loam Macro-organic matter 6 cm cores g 929 cm-2 to 61 cm unimproved annual grassland 670 m Spring
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Old 1969 Table 8 Illinois, USA 40:10 N 88:10 W 910 mm Mollisol or Alfisol total 8 cm cores g m-2 to 100 cm tallgrass prairie, Andropogon gerardi, Sorghastrum nutans no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Shackleton et al. 1988 Table 2 Mkambati Game Reserve, South Africa 31:17 S 30:00 E 1200 mm Tristachya site: loamy sand; Cymbopogon site: silty clay total 8.2 cm cores g m-2 and % of total to 100 cm Tristachya leucothrix, Cymbopogon validus 80 and 300 m April
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Shalyt and Zhivotenko 1968 Table 3 Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine 44:32 N 34:12 E 1000 mm meadow soil total, 3 diameter classes, + rhizomes monoliths g m-2 to 30 cm montane 'Jaila' steppe 1300 m June to July
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Shalyt 1950 Tables 3-7 Dubrovka, Ukraine 50:20 N 27:24 E 590 mm podzols, clayey sand or sandy loam total (in tables), 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 100 to 240 cm Nardus stricta no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Shalyt 1950 Table 19 Streletskaya steppe, Russia 51:43 N 36:13 E 590 mm Haplic chernozem, clay loam fine/coarse, 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 100 to 240 cm Poa, Koeleria 230 m no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Sims and Singh 1978 Table 2 Bridger (Montana) 45:57 N 110:47 W 900 mm silt loam, stony total cores g m-2 to up to 60 cm montane steppe 2340 m no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver and Darland 1949 Tables 2-4 E Nebraska, USA 40:53 N 96:42 W 700 mm silt clay loam, clay loam total, incl. rhizomes 7.6 × 29.9 cm monoliths g 3466 cm-3 to 91.4 or 152.4 cm tallgrass/mixed prairie no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver and Darland 1949 Tables 2-4 E Nebraska, USA 40:18 N 97:40 W 680 mm silt loam to clay loam total, incl. rhizomes 7.6 × 29.9 cm monoliths g 3466 cm-3 to 91.4 or 152.4 cm tallgrass/mixed prairie no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver and Darland 1949 Tables 2-4 N Kansas, USA 39:49 N 97:33 W 1100 mm rendzina, silty clay loam total, incl. rhizomes 7.6 × 29.9 cm monoliths g 3466 cm-3 to 91.4 or 152.4 cm tallgrass/mixed prairie no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver and Darland 1949 Tables 2-4 Central Nebraska, USA 41:22 N 99:35 W 580 mm silt loam total, incl. rhizomes 7.6 × 29.9 cm monoliths g 3466 cm-3 to 91.4 or 152.4 cm tallgrass/mixed prairie no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver and Darland 1949 Tables 2-4 Central Nebraska, USA 40:42 N 99:06 W 580 mm silt loam total, incl. rhizomes 7.6 × 29.9 cm monoliths g 3466 cm-3 to 91.4 or 152.4 cm tallgrass/mixed prairie no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:52 N 110:57 W 960 mm sandy loam or loam live, fine < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Festuca, Agropyron 2330 m June
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver et al. 1935 Tables 3 and 4 E Nebraska, USA 40:53 N 96:42 W 710 mm dark, greyish brown loam total, incl. rhizomes 100 × 100 cm monoliths g m-2 to 122 or 213 cm Andropogon scoparius no information no information
Prairie and other mesic grasslands Weaver et al. 1935 Tables 3 and 4 E Nebraska, USA 40:44 N 95:54 W 865 mm dark, heavy silt loam total, incl. rhizomes 100 × 100 cm monoliths g m-2 to 122 or 213 cm Andropogon furcatus no information no information
Semi-arid steppe Boikov and Kharitonov 1998 Table 2 Buryatia, Russia 51:57 N 106:47 E 435 mm montane Kastanozem total 25 × 25 cm monoliths g m-2 to 50 cm montane steppe, Festuca lenensis, Stipa baicalensis, Filifolium sibiricum no information no information
Semi-arid steppe Coupland and Brayshaw 1953 Table VII Saskatchewan, Canada 52:08 N 106:38 W 360 mm black and dark-brown soils, loam total 7.6 × 30.5 cm monoliths g 232.6 cm-2 to 122 cm mixed prairie, Festuca scabrella, Koeleria, Hesperostipa no information no information
Semi-arid steppe Coupland et al. 1975 Table 3 Saskatchewan, Canada 50:42 N 107:48 W 338 mm lacustrine clay total, live/dead no information g m-2 to 150 cm mixed prairie, Agropyron, Carex, Koeleria 680 m no information
Semi-arid steppe Distel and Fernández 1988 Table 1 La Pampa Province, Argentina 38:45 S 63:45 W 400 mm Typic Paleorthid, medium to heavy texture, petrocalcic horizon at 40 to 60 cm total live Root observation chambers number 100 cm-2 to 60 cm semi-arid grassland, Stipa tenuis, Piptochaetium napostaense no information July to April
Semi-arid steppe Hulbert 1955 Fig. 6 W Idaho, USA 46:27 N 117:01 W 355 mm loam, caliche at 1.2 m total 8 cm cores mg 1000 cm-3 to 160 cm Bromus tectorum and other Bromus species 350 m June
Semi-arid steppe Lee and Lauenroth 1994 Fig. 2 Colorado, USA 40:49 N 104:47 W 321 mm sandy clay loam, and sandy loam total Monolith length (cm) per individual to 110 cm shortgrass steppe, Bouteloua gracilis, Atriplex canescens, Gutierezia sarothrae 1650 m no information
Semi-arid steppe Liang et al. 1989 Fig. 2 Colorado, USA 40:49 N 104:46 W 311 mm sandy loam or clay loam fine < 2 mm 5 cm cores g m-2 to 90 cm shortgrass steppe 1650 m September
Semi-arid steppe Schulze et al. 1996 Table 3 Patagonia, Argentina 44:53 S 71:20 W 290 mm gravelly to rocky sandy loam total, fine, coarse, + rhizomes and bulbs Monolith g m-2 to 200 cm Festuca grassland with Mulinum spinosum shrubs 1160 m March
Semi-arid steppe Shalyt 1950 Tables 23-24 Khomutov, S Ukraine 47:17 N 38:00 E 438 mm Chernozem, clay loam total, fine, coarse, + rhizomes and bulbs 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 100 to 240 cm Stipa steppe no information no information
Semi-arid steppe Shalyt 1950 Tables 39ff. Askaniya-Nova, S Ukraine 46:30 N 33:58 E 390 mm solonized soils, solonetz total, fine, coarse, + rhizomes and bulbs 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 100 to 240 cm semi-arid steppe no information no information
Semi-arid steppe Shalyt 1950 Tables 64-67 Sivash Bay, S Ukraine 46:07 N 34:12 E 400 mm Kastanozem total, fine, coarse, + rhizomes and bulbs 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 100 to 240 cm semi-arid steppe no information no information
Semi-arid steppe Sims and Singh 1978 Table 2 Cottonwood (South Dakota) 43:57 N 101:52 W 400 mm silty clay loam total cores g m-2 to up to 60 cm mixed prairie 744 m no information
Semi-arid steppe Sims and Singh 1978 Table 2 Dickinson (North Dakota) 46:54 N 102:49 W 400 mm loamy fine sand total cores g m-2 to up to 60 cm mixed prairie 784 m no information
Semi-arid steppe Sims and Singh 1978 Table 2 Pantex (Texas) 35:18 N 101:32 W 500 mm silty clay loam total cores g m-2 to up to 60 cm shortgrass steppe 1075 m no information
Semi-arid steppe Sims and Singh 1978 Table 2 Pawnee (Colorado) 40:49 N 104:46 W 300 mm fine sandy loam total cores g m-2 to up to 60 cm shortgrass steppe 1652 m no information
Semi-arid steppe Singh and Coleman 1977 Table 2 Colorado, USA 40:49 N 104:46 W 300 mm fine sandy loam total, live/dead 4.5 cm cores g m-2 to 60 cm shortgrass prairie 1630 m May, July, September
Semi-arid steppe Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:52 N 111:11 W 360 mm sandy loam or loam live, fine < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Agropyron, Bouteloua 1360 m June
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Christie 1978 Fig. 6 SW Queensland, Australia 26:24 S 146:16 E 483 mm red earth, sand total 5 cm cores kg ha-1 to 80 or 120 cm native grassland (C3) on former mulga savanna 306 m no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Christie 1978 Fig. 6 SW Queensland, Australia 26:10 S 146:16 E 483 mm red earth, sand total 5 cm cores kg ha-1 to 80 or 120 cm sown C4 grassland on former mulga savanna 306 m no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Heitschmidt et al. 1988 Fig. 5 Texas, USA 34:09 N 99:17 W 650 mm Typic Paleustoll, clay total > 2 mm Profile wall number to 200 cm Prosopis glandulosa savanna no information Summer
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Johnsen 1962 Table 9 E Arizona, USA 34:22 N 109:23 W 297 mm no information total monoliths g/(1769.8 or 3539.6 cm3) to 61 cm Juniperus monosperma stand and grassland 2000 m no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Lavrinenko 1972 Figs. 33, 42, 50, 60, 61, 63, Table 64 Dymer, Ukraine 50:44 N 30:19 E 590 mm forest soil, loamy sand fine < 2 mm 50 × 50 cm monoliths surface area in cm2 or volume in cm3 per depth interval to 110, 150, or 200 cm Pinus sylvestris no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Lavrinenko 1972 Figs. 33, 42, 50, 60, 61, 63, Table 64 Trostyanets, Ukraine 50:28 N 35:48 E 552 mm acidic loamy soil fine < 2 mm 50 × 50 cm monoliths surface area in cm2 or volume in cm3 per depth interval to 110, 150, or 200 cm Fraxinus, Quercus no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Lavrinenko 1972 Figs. 33, 42, 50, 60, 61, 63, Table 64 Bila Tserkva, Ukraine 49:48 N 30:07 E 627 mm calcic chernozem, loam fine < 2 mm 50 × 50 cm monoliths surface area in cm2 or volume in cm3 per depth interval to 110, 150, or 200 cm Fraxinus, Quercus no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Lavrinenko 1972 Figs. 33, 42, 50, 60, 61, 63, Table 64 Boguslav, Ukraine 49:32 N 30:52 E 615 mm acidic forest-steppe soil fine < 2 mm 50 × 50 cm monoliths surface area in cm2 or volume in cm3 per depth interval to 110, 150, or 200 cm Larix decidua, Quercus robur no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Lavrinenko 1972 Figs. 33, 42, 50, 60, 61, 63, Table 64 Kirovohrad, Ukraine 48:30 N 32:16 E 520 mm chernozem, loam fine < 2 mm 50 × 50 cm monoliths surface area in cm2 or volume in cm3 per depth interval to 110, 150, or 200 cm Fraxinus excelsior, Betula no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Midwood et al. 1998 Fig. 4 Texas, USA 27:39 N 98:13 W 716 mm sandy loam, with and without argillic horizon total 5 cm cores kg m-2 to 150 cm Prosopis glandulosa groves, shrub-clusters, and grassland 75-90 m no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Popov 1979 Table 33 Badkhys State Reserve, S Turkmenistan 35:18 N 62:24 E 289 mm sandy loam to loam total, fine < 1mm 25 × 25 cm monoliths g m-2 to 320 cm Pistacea vera woodland no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Samoilova 1968 Fig. 1 Voronezh, Ukraine 51:43 N 39:15 E 480 mm alluvial, brown sandy soil total monoliths Mg ha-1 to 200 cm Tilia cordata, and Quercus robur/Tilia stand no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Usol'tsev and Krepkii 1994 Table 1 Amanqaraghay, Khazakstan 52:25 N 64:03 E 255 mm sod-pine-forest soils, 2-4 m sand over loam or clay, water table at 2.7 m total, 5 diameter classes Root system excavation kg per tree to 260 cm natural Pinus sylvestris forest in the forest step no information no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Watts 1993 Table E2 Texas, USA 27:39 N 98:13 W 716 mm sandy loam, with and without argillic horizon total, 4 diameter classes 20 × 20 cm monoliths g m-2 to 200 cm Prosopis glandulosa groves, shrub-clusters, and grassland 75-90 m no information
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:44 N 110:59 W 550 mm loam live < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Artemisia tridentata 1570 m June
Temperate shrub/tree savanna or forest steppe Weaver 1977 Table 4 Montana, USA 45:48 N 110:48 W 900 mm loam live < 5 mm 2 cm cores g m-2 to 70 cm Festuca idahoensis 1780 m June
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Carbon et al. 1980 Fig. 2 SW Australia 32:16 S 116:23 E 700 to 1200 mm gravelly sand (~0.9 m) over sandy loam (~3 m) over clay total 5 cm cores root length in cm cm-3 10 1500 (2100) cm Eucalyptus marginata no information no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Davis and Pase 1977 Table 3 Central Arizona, USA 33:35 N 111:16 W 653 mm Udic Ustochrepts, very gravelly sandy loam, weathered granite total Excavation g 0.84 m-3 to 180 cm Quercus turbinella 1006 m no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Higgins et al. 1987 Table 5 Cape Province, South Africa 33:57 S 18:55 E 1700 mm loamy sand, few stones total, 6 diameter classes Hydraulic excavation % root mass to 300 cm Protea, Erica, Leucadendron, Cliffortia, Otholobium 400 m April
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Kosmas et al. 1996 Fig. 10.5 Greece 37:58 N 23:55 E 496 mm Typic or calcic Xerochrepts, gravelly loam to clay loam total 10 cm cores, sampled discontinuously g m-2 to 120 cm Olea europea trees and annual grasses and forbs 140 m no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Kummerow and Mangan 1981 Table IV California, USA 32:47 N 116:32 W 460 mm sandy and clay loam, 30% stones in upper 0.2 m total, 4 diameter classes Plant excavations and cores g 36 m-2 to 100 cm; fine roots (g 100 cm-3) to 40 cm Cercocarpus, Quercus, Eriogonum, Adenostoma, and Ceanothus 1400 m April-May
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Kummerow et al. 1990 Fig. 2 Montpelier, France 43:42 N 3:51 E 900 mm rich, loamy soil, 30-50 cm deep, over fractured limestone total, 3 diameter classes Excavation % of total mass to 100 cm Quercus coccifera no information no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Lamont 1973 Table 1 SW Australia 33:57 S 118:29 E 340 mm 8 cm humus, sandy loam Protioid, non-proteoid 28.6 cm cores g 1927.3 cm-3 to 56 cm Hakea shrubs no information no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Lamont 1973 Table 1 SW Australia 31:57 S 115:49 E 820 mm 9 cm humus, sand Protioid, non-protioid 28.6 cm cores g 1927.3 cm-3 to 72 cm Hakea shrubs no information no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Low and Lamont 1990 Table 3 Enaebba, SW Australia 29:52 S 115:15 E 530 mm podzolized sand, acidic Rootstocks, fine < 2 mm, proteoid roots Excavation g m-2 to 180 cm sclerophyllous scrub-heath (kwongan), Banksia attenuata, B. hookeriana no information no information
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Martínez et al. 1998 Table 1 SW Spain 37:07 N 6:12 W 620 mm Dystric Quaertzipsamment sand dunes fine < 1 mm, coarse > 1 mm 20 cm cores g m-2 to 100 cm Cistus, Halimium, Lavandula, Rosmarinus no information All year
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Miller and Ng 1977 Table 3 Fundo Santa Laura, Chile 33:04 S 71:00 W 550 mm sandy loam total Hydraulic excavation g m-3 to 100 cm chaparral shrubs 1000 m Summer
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Miller and Ng 1977 Table 3 California, USA 32:54 N 116:39 W 550 mm sandy loam over weathered granite total Hydraulic excavation g m-3 to 100 cm chaparral shrubs 1000 m Summer
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Specht and Rayson 1957 Fig. 10 SE Australia 36:02 S 140:24 E 457 mm deep, acidic sand total, incl. dead Excavation kg 3 in-1 acre-1 to 76.2 or 182.9 cm 3 shrub stands, 3-, 9-, and 25-years-old. Xanthorrhea, Leptospermum, Banksia no information End of summer
Mediterranean shrub- or woodland Sternberg et al. 1996 Fig. 1 California, USA 33:53 N 116:45 W 550 mm coarse-loamy, mixed, Typic Xerorthents (to 0.35 m) over weathered granitic bedrock total Profile wall number 100 cm-2 to 200 cm Adenostoma, Arctostaphylos, Ceanothus 1150 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Barbour et al. 1977 Figs. 9-6 Arizona, USA 32:25 N 111:10 W 290 mm sandy loam total Unknown kg ha-1 to 100 cm Olneya, Cercidium, Ambrosia, 650 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Bowns and West 1976 Table 4 SW Utah, USA 37:30 N 114:00 W 274 mm sandy loam, caliche layer at 40 cm total Excavation g 3000 cm-3 to 40 cm Coleogyne ramosissima 1280 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Branson et al. 1976 Fig. 19 Colorado, USA 39:14 N 108:53 W 230 mm Shallow weathered mantle over bedrock, texture fine to coarse total 5 cm cores g 100 cm-3 to 180 cm 11 shrub- and 1 grass-dominated communities no information no information
Semi-desert shrublands Briones et al. 1996 Fig. 3 Coahuila, Mexico 26:00 N 103:00 W 264 mm Yermosol Haplic type, clay loam to 25 cm, clay below total Profile wall number cm-2 to 75 cm Larrea, Hilaria, Opuntia 1100 m April
Semi-desert shrublands Daddy et al. 1988 Fig. 4 New Mexico, USA 36:48 N 107:36 W 200 mm deep, well-drained aridisols, sandy loams total 8 cm cores % of total mass to 100 cm Artemisia tridentata (3 grazing intensities) 1900 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Dobrowolski et al. 1990 Fig. 7.8 Utah, USA 41:45 N 111:48 W 468 mm rocky Mollisols total Profile wall number m-2 to 250 cm Artemisia tridentata, Agropyron desertorum 1460 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Fernandez and Caldwell 1975 Table 1 Utah, USA 41:05 N 113:05 W 230 mm lacustrine, saline silty loams total Root observation chambers number m-2 to 60 cm Artemisia, Atriplex, Ceratoides 1350 m May
Semi-desert shrublands Freckman and Virginia 1989 Fig. 1 New Mexico, USA 32:30 N 106:45 W 211 mm Haplargid, Torrifluvent, Torripsamment total 6.5 cm cores Fresh mass, mg/kg of soil to 400 to 1300 cm Larrea tridentata, Prosopis glandulosa no information Spring and Fall
Semi-desert shrublands Hansson et al. 1995 Table 2 Inner Mongolia, China 42:58 N 120:44 E 360 mm sand dunes, partially fixed total 8 cm cores % of total mass to 95 cm degraded shrub vegetation, Artemisia halodendron, A. frigida, Caragana microphylla 350 m July (2 years)
Semi-desert shrublands Kudrjasheva 1974 Table 4 S Tajikistan 37:34 N 68:25 E 158 mm Greyzem total unknown % of total mass per area to 60 cm desert grassland, Carex pachystylis, Poa bulbosa, and forbs 300-500 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Kul'tiasov 1925 Page 86 Turkistan, S Kazakhstan 41:11 N 68:20 E 230 mm loam total 100 × 100 cm monoliths g m-2 to 75 cm annuals and geophytes, Poa bulbosa, Carex hostii no information no information
Semi-desert shrublands Montaña et al. 1995 Fig. 2 Durango, Mexico 26:40 N 103:40 W 264 mm Haplic Yermosol, sandy clay loam to clay loam total Profile wall number to 70 cm Larrea, Prosopis, Hilaria 1100 m no information
Semi-desert shrublands Moorhead et al. 1989 Fig. 1 New Mexico, USA 32:30 N 106:48 W 215 mm Calciorthid and Typic Haplargid fine (undefined) Soil pit g m-2 to 70 cm Larrea, Gutierrezia, Zinnia, Opuntia no information no information
Semi-desert shrublands Rickard and Vaughan 1988 Table 6.4, Fig. 6.4 Washington, USA 46:32 N 119:31 W 160 mm deep silt-loam total cores g m-2 to 80 cm Artemisia tridentata, Agropyron spicatum, Bromus tectorum 380 m February-March and May-June
Semi-desert shrublands Schulze et al. 1996 Table 3 Patagonia, Argentina 45:24 S 70:18 W 160 mm gravelly sand total Monoliths g m-2 to 300 cm Stipa, Adesmia 700 m March
Semi-desert shrublands Shalyt 1952 Tables 1-6 Central Kazakhstan 47:49 N 66:19 E 200 mm Kastanozem, chernozem, sierozem, and solonetz fine/coarse, rhizomes, bulbs 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 90 (100) cm Stipa capillata, S. lessingiana, Agropyron, Artemisia no information no information
Semi-desert shrublands Sturges 1980 Fig. 4 Wyoming, USA 41:20 N 106:48 W 500 mm developed from sandstone, Argic Cryoboroll subgroup total  7.6 cm cores g 680 cm-3 to 122 cm Artemisia tridentata, Festuca idahoensis, Poa spp., Stipa spp. 2225 m September
Desert Fernández and Paruelo 1988 Fig. 5 Chubut, Argentina 45:25 S 70:20 W 142 mm Calciorthid with high gravel content total Excavation length in cm per plant to 120 cm Mulinum and Senecio 500 m no information
Desert Groeneveld 1989 Tables 3 and 4 E California, USA 37:25 N 118:21 W, 37:10 N 118:17 W 144 mm sandy loam and loamy sand total 7.6 cm cores length in m 100 cm-3 to 180 or 270 cm Atriplex torreyi, Sporobolus airoides no information no information
Desert Jordan and Nobel 1984 Fig. 1 California, USA 33:38 N 116:24 W 150 mm Gravely, sandy loam total Monoliths length (?m mm-3) to 15 cm Agave deserti, Ferocactus acanthodes 850 m September
Desert Manning and Barbour 1988 Table 4 California, USA 37:12 N 118:22 W 144 mm Sandy loam, granitic  total 250 cm3 samples, sampled discontinuously g per 250 cm-3 soil to 100 cm Chrysothamnus teretifolius, Ericameria cooperi about 1300 m September
Desert Miroshnichenko 1975 Table 3 E Karakum, Turkmenistan 38:35 N 63:11 E 114 mm sand total, 8 diameter classes 50 × 80 cm monoliths kg ha-1 to 600 cm Haloxylon aphyllum-Carex physodes community 185 m no information
Desert Nobel 1989 Fig. 1 California, USA 33:38 N 116:24 W 150 mm gravely, sandy loam total Excavation length (% of total) to 30 cm Agave deserti, Ferocactus acanthodes, Hilaria rigida 850 m no information
Desert Nobel et al. 1991 Table 2 California, USA 33:38 N 116:24 W 150 mm gravely, sandy loam total Excavation length (% of total) to 30 cm Echincereus engelmannii, Opuntia acanthocarpa 850 m no information
Desert Rodin 1977 Table 1 Central Kazakhstan 47:05 N 61:09 E 120 mm Burozem total Unknown t ha-1 to 200 cm Artemisia terrae-albae community 78 m no information
Desert Schreiber et al. 1995 Fig. 7 Negev Desert, Israel 30:51 N 34:45 E 100 mm colluvial soil with caliche total Monoliths % of total mass to 60 cm Artemisia herba-alba, Zygophyllum dumosum, Stipa capensis no information no information
Desert Schulze et al. 1996 Table 3 Patagonia, Argentina 45:27 S 69:50 W 125 mm clay over caliche, sandy loam and sand below total Monoliths g m-2 to 300 cm Nassauvia glomerulosa, Poa ligularis 540 m March
Desert Sveshnikova 1968 Table on p. 211 E Pamir Mountain Desert, Tajikistan 38:09 N 73:56 E 120 mm gray-brown type, loamy and rocky total  excavation g m-2 to 50 cm Artemisia rhodantha, Eurotia, Acantholimon, Carex 3864 m no information
Desert Wallace et al. 1980 Table 1 Nevada, USA 36:40 N 116:07 W 100 mm loamy sand total, 2 diameter classes whole plant excavation and 1 l soil samples % of total mass per plant to 60 cm 9 shrub species, incl. Larrea tridentata, Ambrosia dumosa, Lycium, + annuals no information April and September
Desert Zhang Kebin 1989 Fig. 1 Gansu Province, China 38:42 N 103:10 E 127 mm shifting sands fine < 5 mm unknown % of total to 200 cm, (no units given) Haloxylon ammodendron no information no information
Desert Zverev and Seiidova 1990 Tables 1-5 Karakum, Turkmenistan 38:29 N 57:43 E 148 mm sand dunes total, 3 diameter classes Excavation mass (g/shrub) to 150 to 400 cm Calligonum, Salsola, Aellenia, Astragalus, Mausolea 90 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Belsky 1994 Fig. 1 Tsavo National Park, Kenya 3:25 S 37:55 E 450 mm rhodic ferrasol fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm Profile wall number 100 cm-2 to 100-120 cm Acacia tortilis savanna, with Cynodon nlemfuensis, Panicum maximum 450 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Belsky 1994 Fig. 1 Tsavo National Park, Kenya 2:45 S 38:08 E 767 mm ferral-chromic Luvisols and orthic Acrisols fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm Profile wall number 100 cm-2 to 100-120 cm Acacia tortilis savanna, with Cynodon nlemfuensis, Panicum maximum 767 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Bille 1977 Pages 46 and 53 Sahel, Senegal 16:13 N 15:06 W 316 mm Ferrugineous soil, sand to sandy loam total 1 kg soil samples from profile wall g m-2 to 600 cm (woody plants) or 200 cm (herbs) Adansonia, Balanites, Acacia, Commiphora, Guiera, Grewia 40 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Blagoveshchenskiy 1968 Fig. 6 NW India 26:16 N 72:58 E 355 mm sand to loamy sand, petrocalcic horizon at 200 cm total (grass only) excavation and 501 cm3 samples g 1000 cm-3 to 90 cm mesquite savanna, Prosopis spicigera no information no information
Dry tropical savanna Coughenour et al. 1990 Fig. 3 S Turkana, Kenya 2:12 N 35:45 E 150 to 800 mm sandy to gravelly loam total > 1 to 2 mm Excavation root length in m per tree to 300 cm Acacia tortilis, A. reficiens no information no information
Dry tropical savanna Gaze et al. 1998 Fig. 2 Sahel, Niger 13:15 N 2:15 E 585 mm Psammentic Paleustalf, sand total 4.9 cm cores length in cm m-3 to 230 cm Guiera senegalensis shrubs, grasses, and herbs no information June
Dry tropical savanna Groot et al. 1995 Appendix 1 Zinzana, S Mali 13:10 N 5:55 E 700 mm ferrugineous soil, loamy sand fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 10 × 10 cm monoliths along transects' kg ha-1 to 120 or 180 cm Andropogon gayanus 280 m September to
Dry tropical savanna Groot et al. 1995 Appendix 1 N'Tarla, S Mali 12:35 N 5:42 E 900 mm ferrugineous soil, loamy sand fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 10 × 10 cm monoliths along transects' kg ha-1 to 120 or 180 cm Andropogon gayanus 310 m October
Dry tropical savanna Hosegood 1963 Fig. 1 Kenya 1:11 S 36:38 E 967 mm red loam total monoliths volume of roots in in3 ft-3 Acacia molissima, Pennisetum clandestinum 2100 - 2300 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Kellman and Sanmugadas 1985 Fig. 1 Augustine, Belize 17:00 N 89:00 W 500 mm intensely weathered ultisols, gravelly sandy loam over gravelly clay at 30 to 75 cm fine < 2 mm 6 cm cores g m-2 to 60 cm pine savanna, Pinus caribaea, Quercus oledoides 500 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Knoop and Walker 1985 Fig. 1 Northern Province, South Africa 24:39 S 28:42 E 630 mm sand to loamy sand Woody/herbaceous Profile wall number m-2 to 100 or 120 cm Burkea africana, Ochna pulchra, Acacia tortilis, A. nilotica and grasses 1100 m no information
Dry tropical savanna McNaughton et al. 1998 Fig. 3 Serengeti National Park, Tanzania 2:20 S 34:57 E 700 to 900 mm sandy loam to clay loam total live 5 cm cores g m-2 to 50 cm mid-grass no information beginning of dry season
Dry tropical savanna McNaughton et al. 1998 Fig. 3 Serengeti National Park, Tanzania 2:44 S 35:10 E 350 to 500 mm sandy clay loam to clay loam total live 5 cm cores g m-2 to 50 cm short-grass no information beginning of dry season
Dry tropical savanna Okali et al. 1973 Fig. 5 Accra Plains, Ghana 5:42 N 0:07 W 750 mm dark sandy loam or sandy clay loam over gravel and yellow sandy clay total, 3 diameter classes 25 × 25 cm monoliths g 625 cm-2 to 120 cm thicket clump surrounded by grassland 30 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Scholes and Walker 1993 Fig. 14.3 Northern Province, South Africa 24:39 S 28:42 E 630 mm sand to loamy sand fine (not defined), woody/grass 0.5 m2 soil profiles length (m m-3) to 100 cm Eragrostis, Burkea, Terminalia 1100 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Singh 1994 Fig. 3 and Table 4 NW India 29:10 N 75:46 E 550 mm sandy loam fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 5 cm cores and excavation fine roots in Mg ha-1 to 120 cm, coarse roots to 210 cm 9-year-old legume trees, Prosopis cineraria, Albizia lebbek, Dalbergia sissoo 215 m September
Dry tropical savanna Smit and Rethman 1998 Table 2 South Africa 25:33 S 27:41 E 376 mm loamy sand over sandy clay loam total, 4 diameter classes 2.0 × 0.5 × 1.0 m monoliths kg ha-1 to 100 cm Colophospermum mopane no information December to February
Dry tropical savanna Soumaré et al. 1994 Table 5 Mali 14:30 N 5:45 E 580 mm loamy sand Woody/herbaceous 1.1 × 0.1 × 0.6 m monoliths kg ha-1 to 60 cm Acacia seyal, Sclerocarya birrea, and grasses no information no information
Dry tropical savanna Toky and Bisht 1992 Fig. 15 NW India 29:10 N 75:46 E 550 mm sandy loam total excavation number of roots and % of total biomass to 230 cm 9 indigenous and 3 exotic tree species, 6-years-old 215 m no information
Dry tropical savanna Vandenbeldt 1991 Fig. 4 SW Niger 13:05 N 2:06 E 562 mm Psammentic Paleustalf, 3 to 4 m deep over a gravelly, lateritic layer total > 2 mm excavation g per tree to 350 cm Faidherbia albida trees, 8- to 9-months-old from two seed sources no information no information
Humid tropical savanna de Castro and Kauffman 1998 Fig. 1 Goiás, Brazil 16:06 S 47:54 W 1482 mm Campo sujo and Cerrado: Latosols and podzolic soils; Campo limpo: lithosols total 50 × 50 cm monoliths and 15 cm cores Mg ha-1 to 200 cm campo limpo (grassland), campo sujo (savanna), cerrado aberto and denso  1100 m August to November
Humid tropical savanna Devidas and Puyravaud 1995 Table II S India 11:47 N 76:23 E 1098 mm fersiallitic to ferallitic soils, with coarse fragments total (herbaceous only) 20 × 20 cm monoliths g m-2 to 50 cm tropical savanna 900 m January to December
Humid tropical savanna Fiala and Herrera 1988 Tables 1 and 4 Cuba 22:15 N 80:41 W 1000-1500 mm fine deep siliceous total, live/dead 10 × 10 cm monoliths % of total mass to 50 cm Byrsonimo-Andropogonetum 25 m no information
Humid tropical savanna Fiala and Herrera 1988 Tables 1 and 4 Cuba 21:38 N 82:59 W 1165-1795 mm gleyed coarse sands total, live/dead 10 × 10 cm monoliths % of total mass to 50 cm Phyllantho-Aristidetum 2 m no information
Humid tropical savanna Fiala and Herrera 1988 Tables 1 and 4 Cuba 22:53 N 82:53 W 2013 mm fine sandy loam total, live/dead 10 × 10 cm monoliths % of total mass to 50 cm Axonopus compressus 150 m no information
Humid tropical savanna Friesen et al. 1997 Fig. 1 E Colombia 4:30 N 71:19 W 2240 mm well-drained silty clay, Oxisols total cores length in km m-2 to 80 cm Andropogon, Trachypogon 150 m November
Humid tropical savanna Kellman and Roulet 1990 Fig. 1 Veracruz, Mexico 19:30 N 96:30 W 1300 mm sand dunes of different ages fine < 2 mm 6 cm cores g m-2 to 200 cm 2 stages of dune succession, Andropogon, Diphysia/Acacia matorral <10 m no information
Humid tropical savanna Lawson et al. 1968 Fig. 17 Mole Game Reserve, Ghana 9:23 N 1:59 W 1070 mm colluvial, sandy loam to 40 cm, loam to clay loam below total, 4 diameter classes 26 × 25 × 70 cm monoliths g 10,000 cm-3 to 70 cm Burkea, Monotes, Terminalia, Isoberlinia, Crossopteryx, Erythrophleum 165 m no information
Humid tropical savanna Le Roux et al. 1995 Fig. 1 Lamto Reserve, Cote D'Ivoire 6:13 N 5:02 W 1210 mm sandy, tropical ferrugineous soils fine < 2 mm 4.4-cm diameter cores g m-3 to 180 cm Cussonia, Crossopteryx, Hyparrhenia, Andropogon no information July
Humid tropical savanna McNaughton et al. 1998 Fig. 3 Serengeti National Park, Tanzania 1:34 S 34:50 E 1000 to 1200 mm sandy loam total live 5 cm cores g m-2 to 50 cm tall grass no information beginning of dry season
Humid tropical savanna Mekonnen et al. 1997 Fig. 1 W Kenya 0:06 N 34:34 E 1800 mm very fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Kandiudalfic Eutrudox total 15 × 15 × 10 cm cores g m-2 and length (cm cm-3) to 220 cm natural weed fallow (13 months old), Ageratum, Dichondra, Guizotia, Digitaria, Paspalum, Hibiscus 1420 m September
Humid tropical savanna Mordelet et al. 1997 Figs. 1-4 Lamto Reserve, Cote D'Ivoire 6:13 N 5:02 W 1210 mm sandy, with gravel, tropical ferrugineous soil fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 20 × 20 × 10 cm cores g m-3 to 120 cm Bridelia, Crossopteryx, Hyparrhenia, Andropogon no information Whole year
Humid tropical savanna Pandey and Singh 1992 Fig. 5, Table 1 Uttar-Pradesh, India 24:11 N 83:01 E 1145 mm residual ultisols, sandy loam total 15 × 15 cm monoliths % biomass to 50 cm dry savanna, degraded dry deciduous forest, Acacia, Lagerstroemia, Anogeissus ~400 m Various
Humid tropical savanna Rao 1998 Fig. 3 E Colombia 4:37 N 71:19 W 2200 mm clay loam Oxisol total 5 cm cores mass (Mg ha-1), length (km m-2 ) to 80 cm Andropogon, Trachypogon 150 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Bang-xing 1991 Table 4 Yunnan, China 21:44 N 100:40 E 1515-1606 mm no information fine No information g cm-2 to 150 cm seasonal rainforest 650 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Castellanos et al. 1991 Fig. 1 Chamela, Mexico 19:30 N 105:05 W 707 mm deep sandy loam, with hardpan at 60 to 80 cm total, 4 diameter classes 0.5 m × 2 m soil pits and 4.2 cm cores kg m-2 to 80 cm Bursera excelsa, Caesalpinia eriostachys, Jatropha stanleyi no information April-May
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Cavelier 1992 Fig. 2 Gigante Peninsula, Panama 9:07 N 80:09 W 2567 mm Oxisol, sandy clay loam to clay total, 3 diameter classes 5.6 cm cores Mg ha-1 to 25 cm semi-deciduous lowland forest 60 m February to October
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Greenland and Kowal 1960 Table 8 Kade, Ghana 6:09 N 0:55 W 1650 mm reddish yellow Latosols, silty clay over sandy clay total 4 cm cores lbs acre-1 to 150 cm moist semi-deciduous forest, Diospyros, Strombosia 167 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Jama et al. 1998 Table 4 W Kenya 0:06 N 34:34 E 1800 mm very fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic, Kandiudalfic Eutrudox total 15 × 15 × 400 cm monoliths km m-2 to 395 cm 5 exotic tree species, 11-months-old 1430 m February to March
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Kellman and Roulet 1990 Fig. 1 Veracruz, Mexico 19:30 N 96:30 W 1300 mm dune sand, fossil dune with caliche layer at 1.4 m fine < 2 mm 6 cm cores g m-2 to 140 or 200 cm low, semi-deciduous forest, young: Enterolobium, Cedrela; old: Bursera, Brosimum < 10 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Lawson et al. 1970 Fig. 14 Kade, Ghana 6:09 N 0:55 W 1650 mm reddish yellow Latosols, silty clay over sandy clay total, 4 diameter classes 25 × 25 × 50 cm monoliths g 10,000 cm-3 to 50 cm moist semi-deciduous forest, Celtis mildbraedii 167 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Mensah and Jenik 1968 Figs 4,5,6 Esukawkaw, Ghana 6:20 N 0:45 W 1231 mm lateritic gravel, coarse total, 4 diameter classes 25 × 25 × 50 cm monoliths g 6250 cm-3 to 50 cm moist semi-deciduous forest, Chlorophora excelsa no information no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Mensah and Jenik 1968 Figs 4,5,6 Kade, Ghana 6:10 N 0:55 W 1650 mm reddish yellow Latosols total, 4 diameter classes 25 × 25 × 50 cm monoliths g 6250 cm-3 to 50 cm moist semi-deciduous forest, Chlorophora excelsa 167 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Murphy et al. 1995 Fig. 7.3 SW Puerto Rico 17:58 N 66:53 W 860 mm limestone based Mollisols, clay loam, 15 to 18 cm over weathered limestone total 10 × 10 × 100 cm monoliths % of total to 100 cm and total root biomass in Mg ha-1 dry semi-deciduous forest, Gymnathes lucida, Exostema caribaeum, Pisonia albida 175 m March
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Schroth et al. 1996 Fig. 1 Cote D'Ivoire 6:17 N 5:13 W 1285 mm Ferralic Cambisol, sandy clay to sandy clay loam, hardened below 60 cm fine < 1 mm 8 cm cores kg carbon ha-1 to 60 cm nine exotic tree species, 5-years-old, and natural Chromolaena fallow 200 m no information
Tropical (semi)deciduous forest Srivastava et al. 1986 Table 3 and 4 Uttar Pradesh, India 24:52 N 83:03 E 992 mm reddish brown sandy loam fine < 8 mm, 4 diameter classes 15 × 15 cm monoliths g m-2 to 40 cm teak plantation, 19-years-old, Tectona grandis no information Monthly
Tropical evergreen forest Berish and Ewel 1988 Fig. 2 Florencia Norte Forest, Costa Rica 9:54 N 83:40 W 2700 mm Typic Dystrandept (Andept Inceptisol), sandy clay fine < 5 mm, 3 diameter classes 4.2 cm cores, 25 × 25 cm monoliths g m-2 , fine root surface area (cm m-2 ) to 85 cm early successional forest, 4 to 60 months old 650 m no information
Tropical evergreen forest Berish 1982 Table 1 Florencia Norte Forest, Costa Rica 9:53 N 83:40 W 2700 mm Typic Dystrandept (Andept Inceptisol), sandy clay total, 6 diameter classes 4.2 cm cores, 25 × 25 cm monoliths g m-2 , fine root surface area (cm m-2 ) to 85 cm successional growth, 1- and 8-months old, and secondary Goethalsia meiantha forest 650 m March
Tropical evergreen forest Cavelier 1992 Fig. 2 Cordillera Central, Panama 8:43 N 82:14 W 3900 mm Inceptisol, sandy loam to loamy sand total < 50 mm, 4 diameter classes 5.6 cm cores Mg ha-1 to 25 cm lower montane rain forest 1200 m February to October
Tropical evergreen forest Cerri and Volkoff 1987 Table IV Manaus, Brazil 2:35 S 60:02 W 2100 mm uniform yellow latosol, deep acidic clay total 10 cm cores g carbon m-2 to 500 cm primary Amazon rain forest no information April
Tropical evergreen forest Davies and Becker 1996 Fig. 3 Brunei Darussalam, Borneo 4:34 N 114:25 E 3000 mm sandy haplic acrisol fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 10 × 10 × 20 cm monoliths length (m m-3) and mass (kg m-3) to 100 cm tropical heath forest 11--16 m July
Tropical evergreen forest Davies and Becker 1996 Fig. 3 Brunei Darussalam, Borneo 4:39 N 114:31 E 3000 mm sandy albic arenosol fine < 2 mm, coarse > 2 mm 10 × 10 × 20 cm monoliths length (m m-3) and mass (kg m-3) to 100 cm mixed dipterocarp forest 37--59 m July
Tropical evergreen forest Gower 1987 Table 1 La Selva, Costa Rica 10:26 N 83:59 W 3800 mm Fluvaquentic Hapludoll (River site) and Oxic Dystrandept (Arboleda site)  total, live, in 4 diameter classes 7 cm cores g m-2 to 50 cm tropical evergreen forest 60 m March
Tropical evergreen forest Greenland and Kowal 1960 Table 8 Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo 0:45 N 24:26 E 1758 mm Latosols total monoliths lbs acre-1 to 152.4 cm 8-year old successional Musanga cecropioides forest no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Huttel 1975 Fig. 10-3 Banco, Cote D'Ivoire 5:24 N 4:03 W 2100 mm sand to loamy sand total, 4 diameter classes cores, excavation g 100 cm-3 to 130 or 250 cm Strombosia, Coula, Turreanthus, Dacryodes no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Huttel 1975 Fig. 10-3 Yapo, Cote D'Ivoire 5:48 N 4:08 W 1800 mm gravelly clay loam total, 4 diameter classes cores, excavation g 100 cm-3 to 130 or 250 cm Diospyros, Mapania no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Klinge 1973 Tables 1,4 Central Amazonia, Brazil 2:46 S 59:49 W 2070 mm pale yellow latosol, loamy; humus podzol, sandy total < 50 mm, 7 diameter classes 25 × 25 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and length to 89 or 107 cm terra firme forest and campina (heath) forest no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Klinge 1975 Table 1 Central Amazonia, Brazil 2:46 S 59:49 W 2070 mm humus podzol, sandy, with thick humic sand layer total < 50 mm, 7 diameter classes 25 × 25 cm monoliths kg ha-1 and length to 90 cm campina (heath) forest no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Nepstad et al. 1994 Fig. 2 Para, Brazil 2:59 S 47:31 W 1750 mm kaolinitic Yellow Latosol fine < 1 mm cores taken from profile wall, sampled discontinuously mg cm-3 to 600 cm seasonal tropical forest no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Nepstad et al. 1994 Fig. 2 Para, Brazil 2:59 S 47:31 W 1750 mm deeply weathered clay soils fine < 1 mm cores taken from profile wall, sampled discontinuously mg cm-3 to 600 cm managed and degraded pasture no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 25 Barro Colorado Island, Panama 9:09 N 79:51 W 2564 mm well-drained clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lowland, seasonal forest 60 m April
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 25 Fort Clayton, Panama 9:00 N 79:35 W 1830 mm well-drained clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm seasonal lowland forest 60 m April
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Figs. 25 and 27 Boca Lara, Darien, Panama 8:39 N 78:08 W 2160 mm well-drained clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm cuipo and successional forest 20 and 60 m April
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 25 San Lorenzo, Panama 8:19 N 82:04 W 2500 mm well-drained pale clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm hill forest 30 m August
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 29 Cerro Jefe, Panama 9:12 N 79:23 W 4000 mm red brown soil and yellow clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lower montane forest 600 m April
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 25 Belem, Brazil 1:26 S 48:29 W 2830 mm clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm tierra-firma forest 8 m June
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 28 Manaus, Brazil 2:35 S 60:02 W 2100 mm sand total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lowland forest 50 m June
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 25 Cupcake Hills, Puerto Rico no information no information well-drained clay, limestone total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lowland forest on limestone 90 m May
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 30 El Verde, Puerto Rico 18:21 N 65:49 W 3000-3500 mm black clay over yellow clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lower montane Tabonuco forest 150 and 250 m September
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Figs. 31-34 El Verde, Puerto Rico 18:19 N 65:49 W 3800-4200 mm black clay over yellow clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm montane Tabonuco forest 375-459 m September/October
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 25 Sarapiqui, Costa Rica 10:28 N 84:01 W 3800 mm well-drained pale clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm flatland Ceiba and hill forest 16 m August
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 29 Morne Bleu, Trinidad 10:43 N 61:18 W 2400 mm red decomposing slate total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lower montane ridge forest 450 m August
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 29 Pagayer Hills, Dominica 15:26 N 61:20 W 6350 mm andesitic clay, on slate total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lower montane, virgin Sloanea forest 500 m August
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 29 Palmquist Ridge, Dominica 15:31 N 61:21 W 3800 mm yellow clay, water at 40 cm total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lower montane, virgin Tabonuco forest 240 m August
Tropical evergreen forest Odum 1970 Fig. 29 Dleau Gommier, Dominica 15:25 N 61:21 W 6350 mm yellow-brown clay total Profile wall number per cm2 of vertical profile wall to 40 (to 165) cm lower montane, virgin forest 450 m August
Tropical evergreen forest Raich 1983 Table 3 La Selva, Costa Rica 10:26 N 83:50 W 3980 mm Typic Hydrandept, clay fine <5 mm, 2 diameter classes 10 × 10 cm monoliths g m-2 to 50 cm mature evergreen forest and secondary succession 40-110 m no information
Tropical evergreen forest Sanford 1989 Table 2 S Venezuela 1:56 N 67:03 W >3500 mm sandy Spodosols, with thick raw humus; oxisols under tierra firme total, 9 diameter classes 25 × 25 cm monoliths kg m-2 to 50 cm old-growth forest (3 types), tierra firme, caatinga, and bana 119 m no information
Tropical evergreen forest Sternberg et al. 1998 Fig. 3 Para, Brazil 2:59 S 47:31 W 1750 mm kaolinitic yellow Latosol total 2500 cm3 samples from profile wall, sampled discontinuously mg 1000 cm-3 to 400 cm seasonal tropical forest no information no information
Tropical evergreen forest Thompson et al. 1992 Table 6 Roraima, Brazil 3:20 N 61:20 W 2300 mm Grossarenic Plinthic Paleudult, loamy sand over sandy loam/sandy clay loam total < 50 mm, 4 diameter classes 0.5 m3 soil pits Mg ha-1 to 100 cm lowland, evergreen rain forest no information no information
Alpine Kaletkina 1974 Fig. 4 W Tajikistan 39:10 N 68:49 E 494 mm no information total Monoliths % of total mass to 60 or 80 cm subalpine and alpine meadows 3373 m Summer
Alpine Ladygina and Litvinova 1974 Table 5 E Pamirs, Tajikistan 38:09 N 73:57 E 130 - 250 mm no information total 50 × 50 cm monoliths g m-2 to 100 cm alpine floodplain tundra, Kobresia capilliformis, Carex pseudo-foetida, C. orbicularis 3900 - 4350 m Summer
Alpine Rosswall et al. 1975 Table 7 N Sweden 68:22 N 19:03 E 300 mm peat total no information % of total mass to 55 cm (permafrost) Andromeda, Betula, Empetrum, Vaccinium, Carex, Eriophorum, subalpine tundra 351 m no information
Alpine Webber and May 1977 Fig. 3 Colorado, USA 40:03 N 105:36 W 993 mm coarse with thin organic-rich surface horizons, often with loess fraction live/dead 5 × 5 cm monoliths g m-2 to 90 cm alpine tundra, six vegetation types 3650 m August
Tropical cloud forest Odum 1970 Fig. 35 Serranía del Darien, Panama 9:05 N 78:10 W 2500 mm well-drained clay total Profile wall number cm-2 to 35 to 60 cm short cloud forest 275 m April
Tropical cloud forest Odum 1970 Fig. 35 Cerro Jefe, Panama 9:12 N 79:23 W 4000 mm red brown soil and yellow clay total Profile wall number cm-2 to 35 to 60 cm short and mossy cloud forest 840 and 1050 m April
Tropical cloud forest Odum 1970 Fig. 22 East Peak, Puerto Rico 18:16 N 65:45 W 4000 mm yellow clay over red clay total Profile wall number cm-2 to 35 to 60 cm elfin cloud forest 1034 m October
Tropical cloud forest Odum 1970 Fig. 35 El Yunque, Puerto Rico 18:18 N 66:47 W 4000 mm black clay over yellow clay total Profile wall number cm-2 to 35 to 60 cm elfin cloud forest 960 m September
Tropical cloud forest Odum 1970 Fig. 35 Maricao, Puerto Rico 18:09 N 66:58 W 2520 mm red serpentine soil total Profile wall number cm-2 to 35 to 60 cm short cloud forest 890 m July
Tropical cloud forest Odum 1970 Fig. 35 Cuevas Mountains, Trinidad 10:44 N 61:22 W 2400 mm yellow clay total Profile wall number cm-2 to 35 to 60 cm ridge forest near cloud level 500 m June
Tropical cloud forest Vance and Nadkarni 1992 Tables 3 and 5 Monteverde, Costa Rica 10:18 N 84:48 W 2000 mm Typic Dystrandept, humus 0.15 m, loam to 0.85 m, clay loam to 1.80 m total, 4 diameter classes 10 cm cores, 1 m2 excavated pits g m-2 to 180 cm Monteverde cloud forest 1550 m no information

   Notes: This table contains a list of studies containing data for vertical root profiles from global terrestrial ecosystems (excluding wetlands).  Studies are arranged by biome (or global vegetation types), and within biomes by author.  Note that some studies were done in anthropogenic vegetation that differed from the one that is typical for the biome (e.g., pastures in forest biomes, forest plantations in prairie biome).  References are listed below the table.  All information compiled in this table was obtained from the cited references, except for some estimates for mean annual precipitation and geographic corrdinates, which were not always included in the references.  If not given in the references, geographic coordinates were estimated based on geographic information in the publications.