Y. K. Lin and G. O. Batzli. 2001. The influence of habitat quality on dispersal, demography, and population dynamics of voles. Ecological Monographs 71:245-275.
Table A14. ANOVA tables with repeated measures for mean per capita net recruitment (births - deaths), mean per capita net movement (immigration - emigration), and mean per capita population growth (births - deaths + immigration - emigration) of meadow vole populations in manipulated habitat patches (Fig. 15). Experimental manipulations included mowing (cover) and supplemental feeding (food) in a 2 X 2 factorial design with 4 replicates. Elevation (2 replicates upslope and 2 downslope) used as a third factor, but not in tables if it had no significant effects. Estimates of mean demographic values repeated early (weeks 8-14) and late (weeks 16-22) in the season.
| Source | d. f. | Sum of squares | F-ratio | P |
| Food | 1 | 0.030 | 1.62 | 0.227 |
| Cover | 1 | 0.010 | 0.517 | 0.486 |
| F X C | 1 | 0.0004 | 0.022 | 0.884 |
| Subjects (groups) | 12 | 0.219 | ||
| Season | 1 | 0.122 | 10.9 | 0.006 |
| F X S | 1 | 0.0003 | 0.026 | 0.875 |
| C X S | 1 | 0.009 | 0.816 | 0.384 |
| F X C X S | 1 | 0.0002 | 0.016 | 0.900 |
| Season X subjects (groups) | 12 | 0.134 | ||
| Total | 31 | 0.524 |
| Source | d. f. | Sum of squares | F-ratio | P |
| Food | 1 | 0.033 | 4.71 | 0.062 |
| Cover | 1 | 0.014 | 1.92 | 0.204 |
| F X C | 1 | 0.029 | 4.08 | 0.078 |
| Elevation | 1 | 0.020 | 2.81 | 0.132 |
| F X E | 1 | 0.020 | 2.75 | 0.136 |
| C X E | 1 | 0.045 | 6.36 | 0.036 |
| F X C X E | 1 | 0.001 | 0.134 | 0.724 |
| Subjects (groups) | 8 | 0.057 | ||
| Season | 1 | 0.011 | 0.395 | 0.547 |
| F X S | 1 | 0.003 | 0.105 | 0.754 |
| C X S | 1 | 0.047 | 1.66 | 0.234 |
| F X C X S | 1 | 0.0003 | 0.010 | 0.925 |
| E X S | 1 | 0.049 | 1.70 | 0.229 |
| F X E X S | 1 | 0.003 | 0.101 | 0.758 |
| C X E X S | 1 | 0.114 | 3.99 | 0.081 |
| F X C X E X S | 1 | 0.002 | 0.063 | 0.808 |
| Season X subjects (groups) | 8 | 0.229 | ||
| Total | 31 | 0.677 |
| Source | d. f. | Sum of squares | F-ratio | P |
| Food | 1 | 0.0001 | 0.004 | 0.954 |
| Cover | 1 | 0.046 | 1.32 | 0.273 |
| F X C | 1 | 0.023 | 0.650 | 0.436 |
| Subjects (groups) | 12 | 0.417 | ||
| Season | 1 | 0.059 | 1.29 | 0.278 |
| F X S | 1 | 0.005 | 0.113 | 0.742 |
| C X S | 1 | 0.098 | 2.16 | 0.168 |
| F X C X S | 1 | 0.0009 | 0.020 | 0.890 |
| Season X subjects (groups) | 12 | 0.546 | ||
| Total | 31 | 1.19 |