Ecological Archives E089-061-A1

**Jennifer A. Lau. 2008. Beyond the ecological: biological invasions alter natural selection on a native plant species. Ecology 89:1023–1031.**

Appendix A. Estimates of selection differentials for Lotus tolerance, resistance, and competitive ability in each environment.

TABLE A1. Estimates of selection differentials ± 1 SE for each Lotus trait in each environment. _survivalis calculated from logistic regressions of survival on the standardized trait value. _avgrad is the transformed version of _survival(Janzen and Stern 1998). This transformation makes the estimates directly comparable to selection differentials estimated from fecundity (traditional linear regressions) to allow application to predictive microevolutionary equations. _fecundityis the covariance between family means for relative seed production and the trait, averaged across all plots in a given treatment. Estimates of _fecunditybased on per plot estimates are not presented because so few individuals survived to set seed in many plots.

	Tolerance			Resistance			Competitive response
Environment	_survival	_avgrad	_fecundity	_survival	_avgrad	_fecundity	_survival	_avgrad	_fecundity
Medicago present/ No insecticide	0.30±0.18	0.29±0.14	1.17	-0.11±0.21	-0.10±0.16	-0.27	0.26±0.27	0.19±0.21	1.25
Medicago removed/ No insecticide	0.13±0.16	0.09±0.13	0.42	0.37±0.19	0.33±0.14	0.01	-0.3±0.24	-0.05±0.20	0.01
Uninvaded/ No insecticide	-0.10±0.17	0.03±0.13	0.40	0.00±0.17	-0.03±0.14	-0.10	-0.23±0.34	-0.07±0.29	-0.07
Medicago present/ Insecticide	-0.25±0.16	-0.17±0.13	-0.98	-0.25±0.20	-0.18±0.14	-0.28	-0.14±0.24	-0.09±0.20	0.78
Medicago removed/ Insecticide	-0.10±0.16	-0.09±0.13	-0.56	-0.23±0.19	-0.11±0.14	-0.39	0.00±0.24	-0.05±0.20	-0.36
Uninvaded/ Insecticide	0.00+0.17	-0.02±0.13	-0.42	-0.11±0.17	-0.06±0.14	0.01	0.01±0.34	0.03±0.29	-0.43

Janzen, F. J., and H. S. Stern. 1998. Logistic regression for empirical studies of multivariate selection. Evolution 52:1564–1571.

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