Cindy M. Hale, Lee E. Frelich, and Peter B. Reich. 2006. Changes in hardwood forest understory plant communities in response to European earthworm invasions. Ecology 87:1637–1649.

Appendix B. Overlays of sample plots on the herbaceous plant species ordination.

FIG. B1. Overlays of sample plots on the herbaceous plant species ordination. Symbol size is proportional to earthworm biomass (A-B) and plant species total cover (C-F) for each sample plot. (A) total earthworm biomass; (B) Lumbricus rubellus (adults); (C) Arisaema triphyllum; (D) Carex species; (E) Polygonatum pubescens; (F) Uvularia grandiflora.