Appendix C. Scales and shapes of seed dispersal kernels.
Dispersal kernels were more variable, and included more cases of fat-tailed distributions when plants were highly aggregated and when frugivore density was high (Fig. C1).
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| FIG. C1. Variability in dispersal kernels is summarized by scale and shape parameters for Weibull distributions fitted to dispersal distances for all plants that had at least ten seeds deposited at non-zero distance. Letters indicate level of spatial aggregation in plants from most aggregated (a) to less aggregated (d), as in Fig. 2 in the text. Subscripts indicate the number of dispersers in the simulation. The horizontal lines are drawn at shape = 1, and values smaller that this indicate dispersal kernels with fat tails. Note different range of values for panels (a). Results from 30 replicates are combined in each plot. We used Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) to assess the goodness of fit of Weibull distributions fitted to dispersal distances. The tests compared, for each plant, the empirical cumulative distribution function from the data with the theoretical cumulative distribution of the fitted Weibull. For 96.58% of the 138,328 plants with more than 10 fruits removed, the fitted Weibull were not significantly different from the distribution of observed dispersal distances (at P < 0.01). |