Ecological Archives E087-078-A3

Jarrod M. Thaxton and William J. Platt. 2006. Small-scale fuel variation alters fire intensity and shrub abundance in a pine savanna. Ecology 87:1331–1337.

Appendix C. A table of fire behavior data and two ANOVA tables for fuel consumption and maximum fire temperature.

TABLE C1. Summary of fire behavior and intensity by fuel treatment during fires in 1999 and 2001 at Camp Whispering Pines, Louisiana, USA.

  Fine-fuel consumption Woody fuel consumption Percentage consumed Heat output per unit area
Treatment
Mean (kg/m2)
SE
Mean (kg/m2)
SE
Mean
SE
Mean (KJ/kg)
SE
Unaltered Controls
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  1999
0.59
0.06
0.154
0.03
71.73
3.2
13811
1520
  2001
0.452
0.07
0.11
0.03
61.34
2.9
10374
1322
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fine-Fuel Removal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  1999
0.086
0.02
0.02
0.01
40.67
1.9
1972
1533
  2001
0.0257303
0.01
0.0068397
0.01
20.85
1.8
605
450
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fine-Fuel Addition
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  1999
1.725269
0.08
0.1725269
0.03
89.53
2.2
35211
1515
  2001
1.809808
0.07
0.1809808
0.03
87.12
2.4
36936
1498
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wood Addition
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  1999
0.67107
0.07
3.80273
0.09
83.9
2.5
83088
1645
  2001
0.6008
0.06
2.40272
0.08
51.34
2.4
55778
1685

 

TABLE C2. Results of mixed-model ANOVA on amount of fuel consumed during fires.

Source of variation
df†
F
P
Fixed Effects:
 
 
 
Elevation
1, 9.25
1.26
0.26
Fuel
3, 269
1202.75
<0.001
Elevation × Fuel
3, 269
1.69
0.17
Year
1, 278
85.18
<0.001
Elevation × Year
1, 278
1.97
0.16
Fuel × Year
3, 278
57.54
<0.001
Elevation × Fuel × Year
3, 278
1.35
0.26
 
 
 
 
Linear Contrasts (Fuel):
 
 
 
(Controls + Fuel Removal) vs. (Pine Needle Addition + Wood Addition)
1, 269
3054.86
<0.001
Controls vs. Fuel Removal
1, 269
89.89
<0.001
Pine Needle Addition vs. Wood Addition
1, 269
752.01
<0.001
 
 
 
 
Linear Contrasts (Fuel by Year):
 
 
 
[(Controls + Fuel Removal) vs.
(Pine Needle Addition + Wood Addition)] × (Post-fire 1 vs. Post-fire 2)
1, 278
39.83
<0.001
[(Controls vs. Fuel Removal) × (Post-fire 1 vs. Post-fire 2)
1, 278
0.85
0.36
(Pine Needle Addition vs. Wood Addition) × (Post-fire 1 vs. Post-fire2)
1, 278
145.98
<0.001

   Notes: Error term for Elevation = Elevation × Transect (Ravine). Error term for Fuel and interactions = Quadrat (Fuel × Elevation × Transect (Ravine)). Error term for Year and interactions = residual.

† Denominator degrees of freedom based on Satterthwaite approximation. Significance level is P < 0.05.

 

TABLE C3. Results of mixed-model ANOVA on maximum fire temperature. Error term for Elevation = Elevation × Transect (Ravine).

Source of variation
df†
F
P
Fixed Effects:
 
 
 
Elevation
1, 8
0.25
0.62
Fuel
3, 396
811.15
<0.001
Elevation × Fuel
3, 396
2.79
0.05
Year
1, 412
1.36
0.24
Elevation × Year
1, 412
0.06
0.81
Fuel × Year
3, 412
4.22
0.01
Elevation × Fuel × Year
3, 412
0.91
0.44
 
 
 
 
Linear Contrasts (Fuel):
 
 
 
(Controls + Fuel Removal) vs. (Pine Needle Addition + Wood Addition)
1, 396
1391.14
<0.001
Controls vs. Fuel Removal
1, 396
634.26
<0.001
Pine Needle Addition vs. Wood Addition
1, 396
9.64
0.002
 
 
 
 
Linear Contrasts (Fuel by Year):
 
 
 
[(Controls + Fuel Removal) vs.
(Pine Needle Addition + Wood Addition)] × (Post-fire 1 vs. Post-fire 2)
1, 412
0.17
0.68
[(Controls vs. Fuel Removal) × (Post-fire 1 vs. Post-fire 2)
1, 412
0.5
0.48
(Pine Needle Addition vs. Wood Addition) × (Post-fire 1 vs. Post-fire2)
1, 412
10.53
0.001

   Notes: Error term for Fuel and interactions = Quadrat (Fuel × Elevation × Transect (Ravine)). Error term for Year and interactions = residual.

† Denominator degrees of freedom based on Satterthwaite approximation. Significance level is P < 0.05.


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