Ecological Archives E087-045-A2

Jonathan L. Richardson. 2006. Novel features of an inducible defense system in larval tree frogs (Hyla chrysoscelis). Ecology 87:780–787.

Appendix B. The full MANOVA and univariate ANOVAs for the principal components associated with the tail conspicuousness data from H. chrysoscelis tadpoles. The interaction between treatments and blocks was used as the error term for tests of the significance of the main effect of treatments and blocks (see "B." as example) to prevent pseudoreplication.

A. MANOVA: Principal Components        

Source

Wilks’ λ

df

F

P

Treatment

0.6449

12, 379

5.69

< 0.0001

Block

0.9557

8, 286

0.82

0.5845

Treatment × block

0.7466

24, 500

1.82

0.0105

         

B. ANOVA: Overall tail conspicuousness (PC 1)

       

Source

Mean Square

df

F

P

Treatment (tested with T × B MS)

28.2830

3

7.66

0.0179

Block (tested with T × B MS)

1.1085

2

0.54

0.5828

Treatment × block (tested with within tank MS)

3.6945

6

1.81

0.1017

Within tank variation

2.0454

146

   
         

C. ANOVA: Tail spottiness (mottling) (PC 2)

       

Source

Mean Square

df

F

P

Treatment

1.6347

3

2.66

0.1421

Block

0.8019

2

0.85

0.4289

Treatment × block

Within tank variation

0.6145

0.9418

6

146

0.65

0.6881

         

D. ANOVA Tail conspicuousness / tail melanin outline (PC 3)

       

Source

Mean Square

df

F

P

Treatment

0.6181

3

1.44

0.3212

Block

0.5841

2

1.84

0.1621

Treatment × block

0.4292

6

1.35

0.2372

Within tank variation

0.3170

146

   



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