Dustin J. Marshall, Carly N. Cook, and Richard B. Emlet. 2006. Offspring size effects mediate competitive interactions in a colonial marine invertebrate. Ecology 87:214–225.

Appendix A. Definitions of competition treatments.

Non-contact competition was classed as when more than one settler was present in each Petri dish and for the majority of the study period (the first two weeks), no developing colonies were in direct contact with each other. After this period, some of the colonies had begun to contact each other along one growth margin but this was rare.

Contact competition was classed as when two new settlers were directly in contact with each other or were no more than 1 mm away after settlement. Within one week, all the settlers were in contact with each other.