Appendix A. A table showing model selection results (30 a priori models) for post-fledging survival of Lark Buntings, Pawnee National Grassland, Weld County, Colorado, USA, 2001–2002.
TABLE A1. Model selection results (30 a priori models) from program MARK with probability of a live resighting (p) a function of mark type, probability of a dead recovery (r) =1, and fidelity (F) = 1 for post-fledging survival of Lark Buntings, Pawnee National Grassland, Weld County, Colorado, 2001–2002. Models with the lowest AICc are considered best based on the data, and ∆AICc is the difference in AICc between the current model and the top model (Burnham and Anderson 2002). K is the number of parameters in each model and wi represents Akaike’s model weight.
Post-fledging survival models† |
K |
AICc |
∆AICc |
wi |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + T 2 + rank(drought) |
13 |
1343.37 |
0.00 |
0.43 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + T 2 + rank(drought) |
14 |
1344.82 |
1.46 |
0.21 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + mark type + T 2 + rank(drought) |
14 |
1345.30 |
1.93 |
0.16 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T 2 + rank(drought) |
15 |
1346.77 |
3.40 |
0.08 |
ages ≤ 3 + T 2 + rank |
11 |
1347.59 |
4.22 |
0.05 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + T 2 + rank |
12 |
1348.34 |
4.97 |
0.04 |
ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T 2 + rank |
13 |
1350.17 |
6.80 |
0.01 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T 2 + rank |
14 |
1351.37 |
8.01 |
0.01 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + T 2 |
11 |
1352.49 |
9.12 |
0.01 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T 2 |
13 |
1355.67 |
12.30 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + T + rank(drought) |
12 |
1358.98 |
15.61 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + rank(drought) |
11 |
1359.22 |
15.85 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + mark type + rank(drought) |
12 |
1360.62 |
17.25 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + mark type + T + rank(drought) |
13 |
1360.74 |
17.38 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + rank(drought) |
12 |
1361.13 |
17.76 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + rank(drought) |
13 |
1362.54 |
19.17 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T + rank(drought) |
14 |
1362.56 |
19.20 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + rank |
10 |
1362.77 |
19.41 |
0.00 |
ages ≤ 3 |
8 |
1365.47 |
22.11 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 |
9 |
1366.30 |
22.93 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + T |
10 |
1366.47 |
23.11 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T + rank |
13 |
1366.48 |
23.12 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent |
10 |
1368.14 |
24.78 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + mark type |
10 |
1368.33 |
24.96 |
0.00 |
drought + ages ≤ 3 + parent + mark type + T |
12 |
1370.08 |
26.71 |
0.00 |
drought + agecont + T 2 + rank(drought) |
9 |
1431.02 |
87.65 |
0.00 |
drought + agecont + parent + mark type + T 2 + rank(drought) |
11 |
1433.98 |
90.61 |
0.00 |
drought + parent + mark type + T 2 + rank(drought) |
10 |
1452.78 |
109.41 |
0.00 |
drought + agecont |
5 |
1455.21 |
111.84 |
0.00 |
drought + rank(drought) |
6 |
1468.27 |
124.91 |
0.00 |
†Survival is modeled as a function of the following covariates: drought intensity as normal conditions or severe drought (drought); post-fledging age (agecont) is a continuous individual covariate referring to the number of days since fledgling (up to 22 days), with the first day out of the nest as age 0; ages ≤ 3 modeled the first four days out of the nest separately as: age 0, age 1, age 2, and age 3; sex of the attending parent (parent); radio-marked or band-only marked fledglings (mark type); nestling condition as measured by rank, assuming rank effects to be constant across drought intensities (rank) and to have separate effects for each drought intensity (rank(drought)); time in season as either a linear trend (T) or a curvilinear trend (T 2). Models with ages ≤ 3 included agecont and models with T 2 included T.
LITERATURE CITED
Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Second edition. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.