Ecological Archives E086-162-A1

Anurag A. Agrawal, Peter M. Kotanen, Charles E. Mitchell, Alison G. Power, William Godsoe, and John Klironomos. 2005. Enemy release? An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and belowground enemies. Ecology 86:2979–2989.

Appendix A (Table A1). Summary effect sizes (Hedge’s D and 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) for each of five species interactions on the congeneric native-introduced plant pairs (Gurevitch et al. 2001, Lajeunesse and Forbes 2003).

 

Herbivory
2002

Herbivory
2003

Microbial feedback

Fungal
disease

Virus
infection

Seed pathogen (wet sites)

Seed pathogen (dry sites)

Mean

Artemisia

-1.323

(-2.385, -0.261)

0.750

(-0.083, 1.583)

0.582

(-0.419, 1.582)

        

0.147

(-0.402, 0.695)

Asclepias / Cynanchum

0.943

(0.162, 1.724)

1.265

(0.467, 2.063)

          

1.101

(0.543, 1.659)

Bromus

0.054

(-0.714, 0.822)

-0.073

(-0.863, 0.717)

1.337

(0.215, 2.458)

-0.680

(-1.449, 0.090)

-0.429

(-1.829, 0.971)

0.382

(-0.551, 1.314)

-0.894

(-1.863, 0.075)

-0.010

(-0.442, 0.244)

Campanula

-1.579

(-2.566, -0.591)

-0.675

(-1.555, 0.205)

1.121

(0.067, 2.175)

  

1.158

(0.092, 2.224)

-0.269

(-1.174, 0.636)

0.446

(-0.490, 1.381)

-0.0434

(-0.437, 0.350)

Cerastium

-0.433

(-1.124, 0.257)

-1.877

(-2.738, -1.017)

-0.272

(-1.257, 0.712)

    

-0.040

(-0.941, 0.860)

-0.421

(-1.355, 0.513)

-0.621

(-1.003, -0.239)

Chenopodium

-0.348

(-1.310, 0.615)

            

n/a

Elymus

-0.490

(-1.205, 0.225)

-0.496

(-1.211, 0.220)

1.102

(0.050, 2.154)

0.437

(-0.275, 1.150)

0.404

(-0.516, 1.323)

-0.769

(-1.756, 0.218)

-0.149

(-1.103, 0.804)

-0.054

(-0.369, 0.261)

Galium

1.052

(0.243, 1.862)

-0.112

(-0.872, 0.647)

  

0.377

(-0.408, 1.161)

  

0.604

(-0.317, 1.525)

0.127

(-0.797, 1.052)

0.399

(0.027, 0.771)

Geum

-0.573

(-1.366, 0.221)

0.721

(-0.081, 1.523)

0.435

(-0.591, 1.461)

    

0.235

(-0.669, 1.138)

-0.193

(-1.119, 0.733)

0.106

(-0.287, 0.499)

Lactuca

0.603

(-0.163, 1.369)

0.263

(-0.530, 1.056)

  

0.507

(-0.264, 1.278)

-0.421

(-1.248, 0.406)

-0.550

(-1.468, 0.367)

-0.032

(-0.984, 0.921)

0.114

(-0.225, 0.452)

Lepidium

-0.227

(-0.945, 0.491)

1.078

(0.126, 2.029)

0.263

(-0.722, 1.247)

    

-0.037

(-0.937, 0.864)

0.168

(-0.758, 1.094)

0.181

(-0.212, 0.574)

Plantago

-0.841

(-1.6, -0.081)

-0.022

(-0.763, 0.719)

-0.151

(-1.167, 0.865)

    

0.805

(-0.106, 1.716)

-0.641

(-1.588, 0.307)

-0.203

(-0.585, 0.180)

Potentilla

-0.663

(-1.930, 0.604)

-0.346

(-1.221, 0.529)

1.375

(0.285, 2.465)

  

0.091

(-0.897, 1.079)

0.013

(-0.888, 0.913)

0.438

(-0.525, 1.402)

0.143

(-0.262, 0.548)

Senecio

-0.252

(-1.724, 1.221)

            

n/a

Silene

-0.418

(-1.130, 0.294)

0.454

(-0.304, 1.211)

-0.129

(-1.083, 0.824)

0.753

(0.025, 1.482)

0.662

(-0.218, 1.541)

-0.833

(-1.771, 0.106)

0.328

(-0.602, 1.258)

0.149

(-0.163, 0.461)

Mean

-0.225

(-0.438, -0.011)

0.0700

(-0.153, 0.293)

0.517

(0.193, 0.841)

0.293

(-0.043, 0.630)

0.254

(-0.143, 0.650)

-0.030

(-0.307, 0.247)

-0.070

(-0.354, 0.214)

0.047

(-0.057, 0.151)

    Notes: Data for Herbivory 2002 are from Agrawal and Kotanen (2003) and data for seed pathogens is from Blaney and Kotanen (2001). Effect sizes represent an equalized currency so that values can be compared across interactions (Gurevitch et al. 2001). Positive values indicate enemy escape, while negative values indicate the introduced plants had greater enemy attack than natives. Bolded cells represent values significant significantly different from zero. Mean escape was calculated by meta-analysis (MetaWin 1.0) for each taxonomic pair (right-most column) and for each interaction across taxonomic pairs (bottom row). Meta-analysis was not appropriate for the two genera where only one interaction was assessed. Blank spaces in this table represent the lack of data.

LITERATURE CITED

Agrawal, A. A., and P. M. Kotanen. 2003. Herbivores and the success of exotic plants: a phylogenetically controlled experiment. Ecology Letters 6:712–715.

Blaney, C. S., and P. M. Kotanen. 2001. Effects of fungal pathogens on seeds of native and exotic plants: a test using congeneric pairs. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:1104–1113.

Gurevitch J., P. S. Curtis, and M. H. Jones. 2001. Meta-analysis in ecology. Advances in Ecological Research 32:199–247.

Lajeunesse, M. J., and M. R. Forbes. 2003. Variable reporting and quantitative reviews: a comparison of three meta-analytical techniques. Ecology Letters 6:448–454.


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