Marc T. J. Johnson and Anurag A. Agrawal. 2005. Plant genotype and environment interact to shape a diverse arthropod community on evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). Ecology 86:874–885.

Appendix D (Table D1). Phenotypic (P) and genetic (G) correlations of plant traits vs. Simpson's diversity index, richness, and abundance of arthropods.

			Simpson's diversity	Richness				Abundance
Trait type	Correlation	n	D	Total	Herbivore	Omnivore	Predator	Total	Herbivore	Omnivore	Predator
Resistance
Caterpillar growth	P	64	-0.11	0.26*	0.04	0.23	0.40**	0.33**	0.15	0.30*	0.30*
	G	14	-0.18	0.09	0.07	0.05	0.16	0.26	0.14	0.19	0.05
Caterpillar mortality	P		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	G	14	-0.31	-0.36	-0.28	-0.26	-0.12	-0.47	0.17	-0.02	-0.31
Leaf damage	P	913	0.09**	-0.23***	-0.011	-0.341***	-0.21***	-0.26***	-0.10**	-0.25***	-0.17***
	G	14	-0.45	-0.10	-0.07	-0.16	-0.09	0.42	0.13	0.37	-0.31
Leaf toughness	P	902	-0.13***	0.08*	0.03	0.08*	0.08*	0.12***	0.17***	0.05	0.09*
	G	14	0.59*	0.41	0.38	0.38	0.22	-0.27	0.17	-0.40	0.34
Morphology/Life-history
Anthocyanin	P	150	0.08	-0.02	-0.11	0.09	-0.01	-0.03	-0.14	0.02	0.01
	G	14	-0.13	-0.37	-0.32	-0.32	-0.28	-0.30	-0.42	-0.04	-0.41
Flowering frequency	P		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	G	14	0.76**	0.91***	0.88***	0.71**	0.53	0.17	0.76**	-0.32*	0.58**
Rosette width (April)	P	926	-0.04	0.07*	0.02	0.07*	0.08*	0.11**	0.04	0.12***	0.03
	G	14	-0.48	-0.09	-0.18	0.27	0.03	0.42	-0.07	0.50	-0.27
Rosette width (May)	P	150	-0.25**	-0.12	-0.12	-0.17*	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.02
	G	14	-0.72**	-0.51	-0.56	-0.32	-0.13	0.21	-0.40	0.48	-0.17
Rosette leaves	P	150	0.02	-0.10	-0.04	-0.18	-0.03	-0.17*	-0.02	-0.19*	-0.01
	G	14	0.44	0.09	0.10	0.12	-0.04	-0.45	-0.03	-0.46	-0.16
Flowering Plants
Plant traits PC	P	180	-0.41***	0.23***	0.13**	0.05	0.22**	0.60***	0.04	0.65***	0.232**
	G	14	-0.63*	0.47	0.08	0.15	0.52	0.79**	0.02	0.82***	0.54*
Branches	P	182	-0.35***	0.31***	0.14	0.15	0.26**	0.58***	0.11	0.60***	0.27***
	G	14	-0.69**	0.44	-0.30	0.46	0.66*	0.86***	0.01	0.88***	0.69**
Height	P	180	-0.15*	0.23*	0.19	0.09	0.12	0.34***	0.10	0.34***	0.12
	G	14	-0.35	0.52	0.25	0.16	0.29	0.63*	0.30	0.59*	0.29
Flowering date	P	184	-0.36***	0.11	0.01	0.02	0.16*	0.37***	-0.09	0.45***	0.19*
	G	14	-0.63*	0.32	0.08	-0.09	0.54*	0.63*	-0.07	0.68**	0.55*
Plant dry mass	P	184	-0.40***	0.27**	0.21**	0.07	0.19**	0.65***	0.16*	0.67***	0.23**
	G	14	-0.63*	0.50	0.06	0.27	0.47	0.79**	0.03	0.82***	0.50
Stem diameter	P	182	-0.18*	0.12	0.05	0.05	0.11	0.32***	-0.06	0.38***	0.1
	G	14	-0.58*	0.09	0.02	0.30	0.47	0.79**	-0.01	0.83***	0.48

   Notes: Genetic correlations were performed using the BLUPs for plant genotype, averaged across all habitats. Plant traits fall into three broad groupings: measures of resistance, morphology/life-history, and traits specific to flowering plants, which includes morphological and life-history traits. We report the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Correlations significant at P < 0.05 (without correction for Type I error) are in bold. Of the 135 genetic and 117 phenotypic correlations, we detected 31 and 54  significant correlations at P < 0.05, respectively. At an -level of 0.05, we would expect 6–7 significant effects by chance alone for both the genetic and phenotypic correlations. Phenotypic correlations were not possible for caterpillar mortality and bolting frequency because these variables had categorical responses.

 * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.