Appendix A (Table A1). Characteristics of ecosystem types defined by U.S. General Land Office surveyors. Status of inclusion/exclusion in the calculation of disturbance rotation period is also given.
Ecosystem type Included Number corners Mean distance (m) to 1st bearing tree† Mean diameter (cm) of 1st bearing tree‡
Barren
No
64
Red Pine, White Pine, Bur Oak
32.3
32.5
Bottom
Yes
609
Elm, White Pine, Black Ash
14.3
31.0
Clearing
No
12
Eastern Hemlock, Pine, Birch
45.7
33.8
Dead forest
Yes
85
Jack Pine, Red Pine, White Pine
16.2
30.0
Default (unmentioned)
Yes
63,754
Eastern Hemlock, Yellow Birch, Sugar Maple
5.8
31.2
Dry land
Yes
77
Eastern Hemlock, Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch
4.8
36.6
Farm
No
26
White Oak, Bur Oak, American Beech
17.0
31.5
Fenced enclosure
No
52
Aspen, White Oak, White Pine
18.0
31.2
Forest/Timber
Yes
534
Eastern Hemlock, Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch
8.3
32.0
Grove
Yes
23
White Pine, Aspen, Sugar Maple
4.6
33.8
Low land/wet area
Yes
345
Hemlock, Yellow Birch, Sugar Maple
5.2
33.5
Marsh/wetland
No
788
Tamarack, White Pine, Red Pine
40.5
24.9
Meadow
No
34
White Pine, Elm, Tamarack
23.8
25.4
Oak barren
No
17
White Oak, Elm, Northern Pin Oak
20.3
23.9
Oak opening
No
44
White Oak, Bur Oak, Northern Pin Oak
16.4
28.2
Opening (general)
No
106
Aspen, Pine, Oak
20.0
30.2
Pine grove
Yes
24
White Pine, Eastern Hemlock, Yellow Birch
6.7
35.8
Pine opening/barren
No
2,403
Jack Pine, Red Pine, White Pine
20.9
26.9
Plowed field
No
19
Sugar Maple, White Oak, American Basswood
9.4
26.7
Prairie
No
107
Aspen, Bur Oak, White Oak
19.3
9.4
Scattered oak
No
38
White Oak, Bur Oak, Northern Pin Oak
34.5
32.3
Scattered timber
No
995
White Pine, Red Pine, Aspen
27.1
33.8
Sugar camp
Yes
21
Sugar Maple, American Beech, White Oak
4.4
39.4
Swamp
Yes
13,694
Tamarack, Cedar, Spruce
5.8
25.2
Thicket/brush
Yes
431
Aspen, Jack Pine, Elm
9.2
25.2
†Distances were recorded in links and have been converted to meters (5 links = 1 m).
‡Diameters were estimated by surveyors in inches and have been converted to centimeters.