R. Matthew Landis and David R. Peart. 2005. Early performance predicts canopy attainment across life histories in subalpine forest trees. Ecology 86:63–72.

Appendix A. Characteristics of sample trees used in a comparison of early growth rates between canopy trees and saplings at Mt. Moosilauke, New Hampshire, USA.

Species	Mountain birch Betula cordifolia Regel.			Balsam fir Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.			Red spruce Picea rubens Sarg.
Size class	1 cm dbh	1–5 cm dbh	15–30 cm dbh	£ 1 cm dbh	1–5 cm dbh	15–30 cm dbh	£ 1 cm dbh	1–5 cm dbh	15–30 cm dbh
Diameter (cm)	1.0 ± 0.3 (0.43–1.5)	5.0 ± 1.3 (2.4–7.4)	19 ± 4.1 (15–28)	2.1 ± 0.7 (0.98–4.0)	4.2 ± 1.1 (2.1–6.7)	19 ± 3.3 (15–30)	1.9 ± 0.3 (1.0–3.4)	4.1 ± 0.9 (2.5–5.8)	23 ± 4.9 (15–30)
Height (m)	1.1 ± 0.36 (0.75–1.9)	5.6 ± 1.8 (2.5–8.6)	--	1.3 ± 0.33 (0.76–2.1)	3.2 ± 1.1 (1.7–5.8)	--	1.1 ± 0.24 (0.75–1.8)	2.8 ± 0.9 (1.9–5.5)	--
Age at core height (yr)	9 ± 4.8 (4–26)	32 ± 8.9 (14–45)	80 ± 36 (40–164)	28 ± 13.1 (9–54)	41 ± 7.7 (19–55)	81 ± 22 (44–121)	33 ± 10 (13–60)	46 ± 8.3 (30–69)	123 ± 41 (49–208)

   Notes: For juveniles (< 5 cm diameter at breast height; dbh), age and diameter were assessed at 5 cm above the ground. For canopy trees (15–30 cm dbh), age was assessed at 50 cm above ground and diameter at 1.4 m above ground. Height was not measured for this size class. Values are means ± 1 standard deviation. Values in parentheses indicate minima and maxima.