Christopher E. Siddon and Jon D. Witman. 2004. Behavioral indirect interactions: multiple predator effects and prey switching in the rocky subtidal. Ecology 85:2938–2945.

Appendix D. A statistical table for multiple predator effects.

Habitat	Response variable	Predicted	Observed (mean ± SE)	df	t	P
Barren	Mortality	0.379	0.215 ± 0.055	5	-3.288	0.02
Codium	Mortality	0.328	0.202 ± 0.044	6	-2.842	0.03
Mussel (T1)	Mortality	0.034	0.040 ± 0.027	5	0.2303	0.83
Mussel (T2)	Mortality	0.339	0.194 ± 0.090	5	-1.597	0.17
Mussel (T2)	%Cover	0.250	0.134 ± 0.086	5	-1.346	0.12
Mussel (T1)	Small crabs	0.407	0.381 ± 0.080	5	-0.328	0.38

   Note: Significant differences between the predicted and observed responses show nonlinear (risk-reduction) effects of a second predator (lobster).