Eric Garnier, Jacques Cortez, Georges Billès, Marie-Laure Navas, Catherine Roumet, Max Debussche, Gérard Laurent, Alain Blanchard, David Aubry, Astrid Bellman, Cathy Neill, and Jean-Patrick Toussaint. 2004. Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession. Ecology 85:2630–2637.

Appendix A. A list of species (nomenclature follows Tutin et al., 1968–1980, 1993) accounting for 80% of the maximum standing biomass of the different fields. Double daggers denote the two dominant species of each field. All species are herbaceous but Prunus spinosa and Rubus caesius.

Species

Field age (years)

2

2

7

8

8

11

12

26

29

35

40

42

Arenaria serpyllifolia

‡

Avena barbata

‡

X

X

Brachypodium phoenicoides

‡

‡

‡

‡

‡

‡

Bromus erectus

‡

‡

Bromus madritensis

X

X

X

Calamintha nepeta

X

‡

‡

Convolvulus arvensis

X

Conyza sumatrensis

X

Crepis foetida

X

X

Cynodon dactylon

X

X

Dactylis glomerata

‡

Daucus carota

X

X

Dipsacus fullonum

X

Erodium ciconium

‡

Medicago lupulina

‡

X

Medicago minima

X

‡

Picris hieracioides

X

‡

‡

‡

Prunus spinosa

‡

Rubus caesius

X

‡

‡

Rubia peregrina

X

Sanguisorba minor

X

Sedum sediforme

X

Tordylium maximum

X

Torilis japonicus

X

X

X

Trifolium angustifolium

X

Veronica persica

X

Vicia heterophylla

X

Vicia hybrida

X

‡

Vicia sp.

‡

 

Literature Cited

Tutin, T. G., N. A. Burges, A. O. Chater, J. R. Edmondson, W. H. Heywood, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D. A. Webb. 1993. Flora Europaea. Second edition. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Tutin, T. G., W. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S.M. Walters, and D. A. Webb. 1968–1980. Flora Europaea. First edition. Vol. 2–5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.