Anurag A. Agrawal. 2004. Resistance and susceptibility of milkweed to herbivore attack: consequences of competition, root herbivory, and plant genetic variation. Ecology 85:2118–2133.

Appendix B. Mixed-model ANOVA table for effects of grass competition, root herbivory by beetles, and full sibling family of milkweed on percentage of leaves with damage and leaf miner abundance at the end of the second growing season. The likelihood-ratio test was used for the random effect (Family). Denominator degrees of freedom for the fixed effects range from 119 to 131 and were determined by the Satterthwaite approximation.

	Herbivory				Leaf miners
		F	P			F	P
Grass		6.24	0.014			0.16	0.688
Beetle		2.76	0.099			8.98	0.003
Grass × beetle		0.00	0.951			4.2	0.043
Family	7		<0.001		0		0.500