Appendix A. Descriptions of the spatial, land cover, and environmental variables obtained from the NLCD and MBSS data sets, including distance-matrix assignments corresponding to matrices used in the partial Mantel analysis, transformation applied prior to variable inclusion into distance matrices, and summary statistics of each untransformed variable (N = 295 stream sites sampled).
|
Variable (units) |
Distance matrix |
Transformation |
Minimum |
Maximum |
Median |
Mean |
SD |
|
Latitude (decimal-degrees) |
Space |
none |
38.06 |
39.62 |
38.85 |
38.82 |
0.33 |
|
Longitude (decimal-degrees) |
Space |
none |
76.31 |
78.22 |
77.55 |
77.33 |
0.53 |
|
Watershed area (ha) |
Watershed Area |
log10 |
8.2 |
29 929 |
2814 |
2932 |
4106 |
|
Developed (% watershed area) |
% Developed |
none |
0.0 |
87.7 |
4.6 |
12.8 |
19.1 |
|
Forested (% watershed area) |
NA† |
NA |
1.8 |
100 |
43.9 |
46.9 |
19.7 |
|
Cropland (% watershed area) |
% Cropland |
none |
0.0 |
87.5 |
10.5 |
18.6 |
17.7 |
|
Wetland (% watershed area) |
% Wetland |
none |
0.0 |
35.2 |
4.6 |
7.2 |
7.5 |
|
Riparian shading (% canopy closure) |
Riparian |
arcsin(sqrt) |
5.0 |
99.0 |
75.0 |
68.9 |
23.8 |
|
Riparian remoteness (integer rating, 0–20) |
Riparian |
none |
0 |
20 |
10 |
10.3 |
5.5 |
|
Riparian aesthetic rating (integer rating, 0–20) |
Riparian |
none |
0 |
20 |
15 |
12.6 |
5.1 |
|
Riparian buffer (minimum width, m)‡ |
Riparian |
log10 |
0.0 |
50.0 |
40.0 |
31.0 |
5.5 |
|
Slope (%) |
Gradient |
log10 |
0.0 |
3.00 |
0.31 |
0.52 |
0.47 |
|
Mean velocity (m/s) |
Gradient |
log10 |
0.0 |
0.51 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
|
Velocity-depth diversity (integer rating, 0–20) |
Gradient |
none |
0 |
18 |
10 |
9.5 |
4.2 |
|
Maximum depth (cm) |
Size |
log10 |
1.5 |
200 |
61.0 |
64.6 |
33.8 |
|
Mean width (m) |
Size |
log10 |
0.05 |
23.5 |
3.7 |
4.7 |
3.8 |
|
Mean thalweg depth (cm) |
Size |
log10 |
1.5 |
84.3 |
28.0 |
31.2 |
18.4 |
|
Temperature (°C, field) |
Temp |
log10 |
11.4 |
30.9 |
20.4 |
20.5 |
3.4 |
|
Dissolved oxygen (mg O2/L, field) |
DO |
log10 |
0.30 |
14.0 |
7.51 |
7.12 |
2.20 |
|
pH (lab) |
Acidity |
none |
4.00 |
8.87 |
6.71 |
6.69 |
0.60 |
|
Acid neutralizing capacity (µeq/L, lab) |
Acidity |
log10 |
0.0 |
2456 |
300 |
419 |
390 |
|
Specific conductivity (µS/cm, lab) |
Cond |
log10 |
38 |
2418 |
152 |
183 |
184 |
|
Dissolved organic carbon (mg/L, lab) |
DOC |
none |
0.9 |
32.9 |
4.8 |
5.9 |
4.3 |
|
Nitrate-nitrogen (mg/L, lab) |
NO3-N |
log10 |
0.0 |
16.2 |
1.10 |
2.03 |
2.41 |
|
In-stream habitat (integer rating, 0–20) |
SubQual |
none |
0 |
19 |
11 |
10.9 |
4.5 |
|
Epifaunal substrate (integer rating,0–20) |
SubQual |
none |
0 |
18 |
10 |
9.1 |
4.6 |
|
Pool quality (integer rating,0–20) |
SubQual |
none |
1 |
20 |
13 |
11.6 |
4.4 |
|
Riffle quality (integer rating,0–20) |
SubQual |
none |
0 |
19 |
10 |
9.5 |
5.2 |
|
Embeddedness (%) |
SubQual |
arcsin(sqrt) |
0 |
100 |
80.0 |
70.1 |
31.3 |
|
Woody debris and root wads (total no.) |
Woody |
log10 |
0 |
37 |
7 |
7.9 |
6.6 |
†NA = not applicable. Percentage forested was not included in the partial Mantel analysis
‡Buffer widths >50 m were recorded as 50 m.