Ecological Archives M076-002-A2

**Julian D. Olden, N. LeRoy Poff, and Kevin R. Bestgen. 2006. Life-history strategies predict fish invasions and extirpations in the Colorado River Basin. Ecological Monographs 76:25–40.**

Appendix B. Trait values for the freshwater native (n = 28) and non-native (n = 62) fish species of the Colorado River Basin examined in our study. See Methods in the main article for trait descriptions and units of measurement, and Table 1 for species common names.

	*Body Morphology*			*Behavior*					*Physiology*	*Trophic*
NATIVE SPECIES	Max. body length	Shape	Swim factor	Temperature preference	Substrate preference	Fluvial dependence	Current preference	Vertical position	CTM	Trophic guild	Diet breadth

Catostomidae
Catostomus clarkii	330	4.46	0.43	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	Benthic	High	Herb/Detrit	2
Catostomus discobolus	450	4.98	0.37	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	Benthic	Mod	Herb/Detrit	4
Catostomus insignis	800	5.52	0.38	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	Benthic	Mod	Herb/Detrit	4
Catostomus latipinnis	580	5.99	0.31	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	Benthic	Mod	Herb/Detrit	4
Catostomus platyrhynchus	225	5.36	0.46	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Slow/Mod	Benthic	Low	Herb/Detrit	2
Xyrauchen texanus	910	5.00	0.45	Warm	General	No	Slow/Mod	Benthic	Mod	Omnivore	5

Cottidae
Cottus bairdii	137	4.74	0.58	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Fast	Benthic	Low	Invertivore	4
Cottus beldingii	127	4.29	0.44	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Fast	Benthic	Low	Invertivore	3

Cyprinidae
Gila cypha	380	4.46	0.11	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	4
Gila elegans	620	5.41	0.16	Warm	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	5
Gila intermedia	250	4.13	0.37	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Low	Omnivore	3
Gila nigra	405	4.51	0.35	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Low	Omnivore	4
Gila robusta	500	4.88	0.33	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	4
Lepidomeda mollispinis	150	5.03	0.41	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	3
Lepidomeda vittata	100	5.21	0.43	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Low	Omnivore	2
Meda fulgida	91	6.41	0.45	Warm	Sand	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Low	Invertivore	5
Moapa coriacea	90	4.74	0.44	Warm	Sand	No	Moderate	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	2
Plagopterus argentissimus	100	5.59	0.36	Warm	Sand	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	2
Ptychocheilus lucius	1800	5.88	0.32	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	5
Agosia chrysogaster	100	4.76	0.42	Warm	Sand	Yes	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	4
Rhinichthys osculus	110	4.90	0.48	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	High	Invertivore	5
Rhinichthys cobitis	65	6.21	0.47	Warm	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	Low	Invertivore	2

Cyprinodontidae
Cyprinodon macularius	72	3.48	0.44	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	6

Poeciliidae
Poeciliopsis occidentalis	60	4.81	0.46	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	4

Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus gilae apache	580	4.26	0.50	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	3
Oncorhynchus clarkii	990	4.53	0.44	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Low	Invert/Pisci	4
Oncorhynchus gilae gilae	350	3.70	0.42	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	3
Prosopium williamsoni	347	4.62	0.34	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	Benthic	Low	Invertivore	3

NON-NATIVE SPECIES

Catostomidae
Catostomus ardens	645	5.61	0.35	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	Benthic	Mod	Omnivore	3
Catostomus catostomus	643	6.14	0.38	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Slow	Benthic	Low	Omnivore	4
Catostomus commersonii	400	4.84	0.38	Cool	General	Yes	Slow	Benthic	Mod	Omnivore	5
Catostomus plebeius	200	5.00	0.43	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	Benthic	Low	Omnivore	4
Ictiobus bubalus	1120	3.50	0.43	Warm	General	No	Slow/Mod	Benthic	Mod	Herb/Detrit	4
Ictiobus cyprinellus	1230	3.68	0.47	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	Benthic	Mod	Herb/Detrit	5
Ictiobus niger	1230	3.45	0.37	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	Benthic	Mod	Herb/Detrit	4

Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris	430	3.00	0.48	Warm	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	4
Lepomis gulosus	310	2.88	0.49	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	5
Lepomis cyanellus	310	2.89	0.50	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Invert/Pisci	6
Lepomis gibbosus	320	2.46	0.47	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Invert/Pisci	5
Lepomis macrochirus	410	2.45	0.41	Warm	General	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Invert/Pisci	6
Lepomis microlophus	430	3.08	0.46	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	6
Micropterus dolomieui	690	3.75	0.43	Cool	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	High	Piscivore	5
Micropterus punctulatus	635	4.12	0.44	Cool	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Piscivore	5
Micropterus salmoides	970	3.44	0.43	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	High	Piscivore	5
Pomoxis annularis	530	2.75	0.40	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	5
Pomoxis nigromaculatus	490	2.75	0.42	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	5

Cichlidae
Herichthys cyanoguttatus	300	2.84	0.64	Warm	General	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	4
Archocentrus nigrofasciatus	100	2.99	0.51	Warm	Rubble	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	4
Oreochromis aureus	457	2.62	0.55	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Omnivore	6
Oreochromis mossambica	390	3.53	0.58	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	6
Tilapia zilli	400	2.68	0.57	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	5

Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum	330	3.09	0.33	Cool	General	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Invertivore	5
Dorosoma petenense	270	4.18	0.31	Cool	General	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	5

Cyprinidae
Carassius auratus	590	3.17	0.48	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	5
Ctenopharyngodon idellus	1500	3.88	0.44	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Herb/Detrit	5
Cyprinella lutrensis	90	3.98	0.42	Warm	General	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	High	Invertivore	6
Cyprinus carpio	1450	3.19	0.35	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Omnivore	6
Gila atraria	560	4.52	0.42	Cool	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	4
Hybognathus hankinsoni	97	4.74	0.39	Cool	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	4
Notemigonus crysoleucus	235	3.29	0.43	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	High	Omnivore	5
Notropis stramineus	81	5.41	0.38	Warm	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	High	Omnivore	2
Pimephales promelas	100	5.46	0.45	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Omnivore	4
Rhinichthys cataractae	140	6.06	0.45	Cool	Rubble	Yes	Fast	Benthic	Low	Invertivore	4
Richardsonius balteatus	180	4.48	0.43	Cool	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Low	Invertivore	5
Semotilus atromaculatus	210	5.21	0.35	Cool	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	5

Esocidae
Esox lucius	1346	7.58	0.40	Cool	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Piscivore	5

Fundulidae
Fundulus sciadicus	70	5.00	0.63	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	3
Fundulus zebrinus	100	5.26	0.63	Warm	Rubble	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	High	Invertivore	5

Gasterosteidae
Culaea inconstans	87	4.68	0.39	Cool	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Invertivore	4

Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas	660	4.44	0.41	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Invert/Pisci	5
Ameiurus natalis	470	6.02	0.63	Warm	Rubble	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Invert/Pisci	4
Ameiurus nebulosus	550	5.43	0.44	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Invert/Pisci	5
Ictalurus punctatus	1320	4.41	0.36	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	6
Pylodictis olivaris	1550	5.15	0.38	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	High	Piscivore	5

Moronidae
Morone chrysops	450	3.28	0.40	Cool	General	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Piscivore	4
Morone mississippiensis	460	3.29	0.61	Cool	General	No	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Piscivore	4
Morone saxatilis	1250	3.80	0.33	Cool	General	Yes	Slow	NonBent	Mod	Piscivore	4

Percidae
Perca flavescens	500	4.27	0.34	Cool	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Mod	Invert/Pisci	5
Sander vitreus	820	5.15	0.30	Cool	General	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	Low	Piscivore	5

Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis	65	4.48	0.64	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	VHigh	Invertivore	6
Poecilia latipinna	150	3.38	0.54	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow/Mod	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	4
Poecilia mexicana	110	3.76	0.79	Warm	Silt/mud	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	3
Poecilia reticulate	50	4.00	0.56	Warm	General	No	Slow	NonBent	VHigh	Omnivore	3

Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus mykiss	1200	4.00	0.41	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	Low	Invert/Pisci	6
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita	710	4.37	0.41	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	Low	Invert/Pisci	4
Oncorhynchus nerka	533	4.59	0.25	Cold	Rubble	No	Slow	NonBent	Low	Invertivore	3
Salmo trutta	1400	4.69	0.42	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	Low	Invert/Pisci	5
Salvelinus fontinalis	950	3.79	0.38	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Mod/Fast	NonBent	Low	Invert/Pisci	6
Salvelinus namaycush	1250	4.46	0.30	Cold	Rubble	No	Slow	NonBent	Low	Piscivore	5
Thymallus arcticus	760	4.15	0.28	Cold	Rubble	Yes	Moderate	NonBent	Low	Invert/Pisci	5

Appendix B. Continued.

	*Life-history*
NATIVE SPECIES	Longevity	Age at maturation	Length at maturation	Fecundity	Egg size	Spawning temperature	Parental care	Reproductive guild	Spawning substrate	Time to hatch	Length of larvae

Catostomidae
Catostomus clarkii	15	2.0	120	4.0	3.2	14	1	NG_OS	Mineral	6.5	9.5
Catostomus discobolus	20	4.0	245	4.1	1.8	16	1	NG_OS	Mineral	7.5	9.5
Catostomus insignis	15	4.0	300	4.1	3.3	14	1	NG_OS	Mineral	6.5	10.5
Catostomus latipinnis	28	5.0	405	4.3	3.2	11	1	NG_OS	Mineral	6.5	9.5
Catostomus platyrhynchus	9	4.0	145	3.4	2.1	11	1	NG_OS	Mineral	10.0	10.0
Xyrauchen texanus	45	4.0	350	4.9	2.8	11	1	NG_OS	Mineral	10.5	8.0

Cottidae
Cottus bairdii	4	2.0	74	3.3	1.2	6	2	NG_BH	Mineral	18.5	6.5
Cottus beldingii	4	2.0	69	2.2	1.3	8	2	NG_BH	Mineral	18.5	6.5

Cyprinidae
Gila cypha	30	4.0	165	3.7	2.6	14	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.0	6.9
Gila elegans	39	5.5	350	4.6	2.2	18	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	7.0
Gila intermedia	3	2.0	125	3.5	2.3	18	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	7.5
Gila nigra	13	3.0	100	4.4	1.4	28	1	NG_OS	Mineral	6.0	6.5
Gila robusta	22	4.5	225	4.4	2.0	16	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	6.5
Lepidomeda mollispinis	3	1.0	55	4.1	1.9	13	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	6.0
Lepidomeda vittata	4	1.0	50	3.5	1.9	20	1	NG_OS	Vegetation	5.5	6.1
Meda fulgida	2	1.0	52	3.1	1.7	15	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	6.2
Moapa coriacea	4	1.0	50	2.4	1.5	20	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	6.3
Plagopterus argentissimus	4	2.0	60	3.4	1.9	14	1	NG_OS	Mineral	6.0	6.4
Ptychocheilus lucius	30	5.5	500	4.7	1.9	16	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.5	5.8
Agosia chrysogaster	3	1.0	55	3.0	1.7	18	2	NG_BH	Mineral	4.0	5.8
Rhinichthys osculus	3	2.0	66	2.7	1.5	12	3	G_NS	Mineral	6.0	5.8
Rhinichthys cobitis	2	1.0	45	2.8	1.3	16	3	G_SC	Mineral	5.5	5.4

Cyprinodontidae
Cyprinodon macularius	2	0.5	48	2.6	1.5	20	1	NG_OS	Mineral	10.0	5.0

Poeciliidae
Poeciliopsis occidentalis	1	0.5	29	2.2	N/A	25	2	B_E	Pelagic	N/A	4.5

Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus gilae apache	8	3.0	130	3.3	4.0	8	2	NG_BH	Mineral	38.5	20.0
Oncorhynchus clarkii	10	3.0	318	3.4	4.7	6	2	NG_BH	Mineral	38.5	15.0
Oncorhynchus gilae gilae	8	3.0	150	2.6	3.4	5	2	NG_BH	Mineral	52.5	17.5
Prosopium williamsoni	12	4.0	251	4.1	2.5	2	1	NG_OS	Mineral	56.0	15.0

NON-NATIVE SPECIES

Catostomidae
Catostomus ardens	15	5.0	350	4.6	3.1	10	1	NG_OS	Mineral	8.5	11.5
Catostomus catostomus	19	6.0	265	4.6	2.9	5	1	NG_OS	Mineral	9.5	10.5
Catostomus commersonii	17	2.5	300	4.7	2.8	10	1	NG_OS	Mineral	11.5	10.5
Catostomus plebeius	7	3.0	125	3.7	2.5	12	1	NG_OS	Mineral	10.0	9.5
Ictiobus bubalus	15	3.0	245	5.3	2.0	19	1	NG_OS	Various	11.0	5.7
Ictiobus cyprinellus	20	3.0	305	5.6	1.5	16	1	NG_OS	Vegetation	11.0	5.4
Ictiobus niger	20	2.0	240	5.3	2.1	18	1	NG_OS	Various	11.0	5.5

Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris	12	3.0	120	3.8	2.1	16	3	G_NS	Mineral	3.5	5.3
Lepomis gulosus	8	1.5	85	4.5	1.1	21	3	G_NS	Mineral	1.5	2.6
Lepomis cyanellus	10	2.5	71	3.8	1.2	19	3	G_NS	Mineral	4.0	4.3
Lepomis gibbosus	12	2.5	89	3.6	1.0	13	3	G_NS	Mineral	4.0	5.3
Lepomis macrochirus	9	2.0	150	4.5	1.2	18	3	G_NS	Mineral	2.3	5.0
Lepomis microlophus	7	2.5	155	4.7	1.5	21	3	G_NS	Mineral	2.0	5.0
Micropterus dolomieui	14	3.5	205	4.1	2.3	13	4	G_NS	Mineral	5.5	5.8
Micropterus punctulatus	7	2.5	250	4.4	1.5	13	4	G_NS	Mineral	4.5	5.6
Micropterus salmoides	16	2.5	215	4.7	1.7	14	4	G_NS	Mineral	6.0	6.1
Pomoxis annularis	10	3.0	150	5.2	0.9	17	3	G_NS	Various	2.5	2.0
Pomoxis nigromaculatus	13	3.0	150	5.0	1.0	14	3	G_NS	Mineral	2.5	2.3

Cichlidae
Herichthys cyanoguttatus	10	0.5	40	2.7	1.7	22	4	G_NS	Mineral	3.0	3.0
Archocentrus nigrofasciatus	5	0.5	40	2.6	1.7	24	4	G_NS	Mineral	2.5	2.0
Oreochromis aureus	10	0.4	140	3.4	2.5	20	4	B_I	Mineral	3.0	8.0
Oreochromis mossambica	10	0.6	100	3.0	2.5	20	4	B_I	Mineral	4.0	8.0
Tilapia zilli	7	1.0	135	3.5	1.6	20	4	G_NS	Mineral	2.5	8.0

Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum	4	2.0	140	5.6	0.8	10	1	NG_OS	Pelagic	2.5	3.4
Dorosoma petenense	4	2.0	70	4.0	0.8	14	1	NG_OS	Pelagic	4.5	3.0

Cyprinidae
Carassius auratus	17	3.5	135	5.3	1.4	15	1	NG_OS	Various	6.0	3.5
Ctenopharyngodon idellus	21	4.5	650	5.1	1.3	19	1	NG_OS	Various	1.5	5.0
Cyprinella lutrensis	3	1.0	45	2.9	1.2	15	1	NG_OS	Various	4.0	3.8
Cyprinus carpio	20	4.5	625	6.1	1.5	17	1	NG_OS	Vegetation	4.0	4.5
Gila atraria	4	4.0	150	4.4	2.0	11	1	NG_OS	Various	7.5	7.0
Hybognathus hankinsoni	4	2.0	70	3.1	1.3	18	1	NG_OS	Various	5.5	5.0
Notemigonus crysoleucus	5	2.0	76	5.0	1.0	20	1	NG_OS	Various	3.0	3.6
Notropis stramineus	3	1.0	35	3.2	0.8	27	1	NG_OS	Mineral	3.0	4.7
Pimephales promelas	3	1.3	55	3.7	1.3	15	3	G_NS	Various	5.0	4.4
Rhinichthys cataractae	5	2.0	75	3.3	1.6	11	1	NG_OS	Mineral	8.5	5.5
Richardsonius balteatus	7	2.0	85	3.3	2.1	10	1	NG_OS	Various	7.5	4.7
Semotilus atromaculatus	7	1.5	65	3.6	1.6	13	3	G_NS	Mineral	6.0	6.1

Esocidae
Esox lucius	24	2.0	440	5.5	2.8	5	1	NG_OS	Vegetation	13.0	8.0

Fundulidae
Fundulus sciadicus	3	1.0	40	2.9	1.3	18	1	NG_OS	Vegetation	6.5	5.5
Fundulus zebrinus	3	2.0	48	1.8	1.3	26	1	NG_OS	Mineral	6.5	5.5

Gasterosteidae
Culaea inconstans	3	1.0	49	2.4	1.2	8	3	G_NS	Vegetation	9.0	5.0

Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas	10	2.5	223	3.7	3.0	20	4	G_NS	Mineral	7.5	9.5
Ameiurus natalis	7	3.0	233	3.6	3.0	20	4	G_NS	Mineral	7.5	9.5
Ameiurus nebulosus	10	3.0	193	3.9	3.0	21	4	G_NS	Mineral	7.5	8.0
Ictalurus punctatus	16	2.0	275	4.4	3.8	21	3	G_NS	Various	6.0	8.4
Pylodictis olivaris	20	3.0	175	4.5	3.5	22	3	G_NS	Various	7.0	9.1

Moronidae
Morone chrysops	9	2.0	275	5.7	0.8	13	1	NG_OS	Mineral	3.0	3.8
Morone mississippiensis	6	3.0	234	4.4	0.8	15	1	NG_OS	Mineral	5.0	3.6
Morone saxatilis	30	5.5	450	6.4	3.2	14	1	NG_OS	Mineral	3.0	3.3

Percidae
Perca flavescens	11	2.0	150	5.0	2.7	7	1	NG_OS	Various	9.0	6.4
Sander vitreus	29	5.5	320	5.5	1.9	4	1	NG_OS	Mineral	15.0	7.3

Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis	2	0.1	24	2.2	N/A	16	2	B_E	Pelagic	N/A	8.5
Poecilia latipinna	3	0.4	39	2.2	N/A	21	2	B_E	Pelagic	N/A	9.5
Poecilia mexicana	3	0.3	47	1.5	N/A	18	2	B_E	Pelagic	N/A	9.5
Poecilia reticulate	1	0.3	16	1.3	N/A	23	2	B_E	Pelagic	N/A	6.0

Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus mykiss	11	2.5	150	3.8	4.0	6	2	NG_BH	Mineral	25.0	12.8
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita	9	3.5	180	3.1	4.0	10	2	NG_BH	Mineral	20.0	10.0
Oncorhynchus nerka	8	4.0	180	3.0	4.8	6	2	NG_BH	Mineral	94.0	20.3
Salmo trutta	10	3.0	205	4.0	4.5	4	2	NG_BH	Mineral	25.0	12.1
Salvelinus fontinalis	12	2.0	150	3.4	4.3	4	2	NG_BH	Mineral	109.0	15.1
Salvelinus namaycush	17	5.0	380	3.8	5.5	8	2	NG_BH	Mineral	150.0	16.1
Thymallus arcticus	18	4.0	268	3.8	3.0	7	2	NG_BH	Mineral	16.0	8.1

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