test was used for the random effect (Family). Denominator degrees of freedom
for the univariate fixed effects range from 119 to 124 and were determined by
the Satterthwaite approximation.Appendix F. Multivariate analyses
followed by mixed-model univariate analyses for effects of grass competition,
root herbivory by beetles, and full sibling family of milkweed on the natural
log of number of stems, sum of stem heights, and sum of stem widths in the spring
of the second growing season. The likelihood-ratio
test was used for the random effect (Family). Denominator degrees of freedom
for the univariate fixed effects range from 119 to 124 and were determined by
the Satterthwaite approximation.
Wilks' lambda
df
F
P
F
P
F
P
F
P
Grass
0.795
3, 115
9.89
<0.001
11.14
0.001
3.34
0.070
13.43
<0.001
Beetle
0.803
3, 115
9.42
<0.001
0.00
0.978
12.48
0.001
11.60
0.001
Grass × Beetle
0.948
3, 115
2.12
0.102
4.88
0.029
5.92
0.016
5.94
0.016
Family
0.582
39, 341
1.76
0.005
0.9
0.171
3.8
0.026
3.5
0.031